12 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 190 



length of 230 leagues would appear to be a typographical error for 

 20 or 30 leagues. A breadth of 10 leagues given in the earlier ac- 

 counts agrees satisfactorily with that of the Jesuits' 7 or 8 leagues 

 (C 121-123; S 90).] Its latitude in the central part was 44.5 degrees 

 ( JR 33 : 61 ; C 121 ; S 90 ; cf . JR 15 : 175 ; 16 : 225) . It had the shape 

 of Brittany and was similarly situated, almost surromided by the 

 Freshwater Sea [Lake Huron] (C 122). 



The greater part of Huronia was cleared (C 122) and consisted of 

 plains surrounded and intersected by a number of lakes (JE 8: 115) 

 and streams (C 50). The country was "full of fine hills, open fields, 

 very beautiful broad meadows bearing much excellent hay" and in 

 many places there was "much uncultivated wheat, which has an ear 

 like rye and grains like oats" (S 90). There were forests containing 

 oaks, beeches, maples, cedars, spruces, yews, elms, and other types 

 of trees (S 91; C 51) and, in the interior, forests of fir (C 51). The 

 country was warmer and more beautiful and the soil richer and 

 better, the farther south one went (S 91). Although the soil of the 

 countrv was quite sandy, it produced a quantity of corn (JR 8 : 115). 



NEIGHBORING TRIBES 



THE TOBACCO LEAGUE 



About 12 or 15 leagues to the west (JR 20: 43) or west-southwest 

 (JR 33: 61) of the Huron lived a group which spoke the same 

 language (JR 20: 43). They were called the Khionontaterrhonons 

 (JR 8: 115) [Khionontaterons (JR 17: 165), Khionontateronons 

 (JR 19: 125), Kionontatehronon (JR 23: 179)], "the Nation of the 

 Tobacco" (JR 20: 43) and by the French Petun [Tobacco] Nation 

 (C 95) because of the abundance of tobacco that grew there (JR 20: 

 43) . The Tobacco Nation was a confederacy of two separate groups, 

 the Nation of the Wolves and the Nation of the Deer ( JR 33 : 143)," 

 and had at least nine villages (JR 20: 43). The largest of these vil- 

 lages, Ehwae, was burned by the Iroquois in 1640 resulting in the 

 deaths of many by starvation, cold, smallpox, and drowning, and in the 

 capture of others by the enemy ( JR 21 : 181 ) . Algonquins lived among 

 the Tobacco people as they did among the Huron: one missionary 

 found two villages in which Algonquin was spoken ( JR 21 : 125, 185) . 



The Tobacco confederacy had been an enemy of the Huron confed- 

 eracy, and the two peoples waged cruel wars against each other. Not 

 long before the Jesuits arrived in Huronia, however, the two leagues 



" The names of these two tribes, Wolves and Deer, are names of clans among the 

 present Iroquois and Wyandot. Perhaps in this case the Jesuits have recorded the names 

 of clans rather than tribes. [Mooney (1910: 755) calls them clans.] 



