10 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 190 



[Tohontaenras (JE 13: 55), Taliontaenrat (JR 26: 293) ],^ were 

 united by tlieir common interests and by their common enemies. 

 [Later in the Relations another group, the Ataronchronons (JR 19: 

 125) [Ataconchronons (JR 13: 61) ] ^ is mentioned.] The Attigna- 

 wantan and Attigneenongnahac, who called each other "brother" and 

 "sister," ^ were the most important, largest, and oldest nations of this 

 league, having lived in the region for more than two hundred years. 

 The two others were recent arrivals: the Arendahronon joined the 



beset by the diyision between Christian converts and pagans and by their dependence on 

 the French. 



After their defeat, many Hurons were either liilled outright or died from starvation and 

 disease in their flight from the Iroquois. Many became captives of the Iroquois. Others 

 fled to other Iroquoian tribes, the Neutral, the Petun, and the Erie and some to the 

 French. The Tohontaenrat (the village of Scanonaerat) and some Arendahronons were 

 given the privilege of founding a separate town (called Gandougarse) among the Seneca. 

 For some Hurons their flight to other tribes only postponed their eventual captivity ; with 

 the destruction of the Erie and Neutral, these Huron refugees among them were also 

 taken prisoner. Those who had retreated to Orleans Island were forced by the Iroquois 

 to either fight or migrate to Iroquois country. Of this group, the Bear (Attignawantan) 

 joined the Mohawls, the Eock (Arendahronon) joined the Onondaga, and the Cord (At- 

 tigneenongnahac) remained with the French. 



Those Hurons who joined the Tobacco Nation, although driven from the area, retained 

 their identity. This group of Hurons and Petuns came to be known as the Wyandot, a 

 corruption of the term Wendat (Hale 1888 : 177 ; 1894 : 6). Most of this group fled west, 

 becoming involved in the complex history of the Upper Great Lakes area. After the peace 

 of 1815, they were given land in Ohio and Michigan. In 1819, they sold much of this land, 

 but retained some near Upper Sandusky in Ohio and some near Detroit. Later, these tracts 

 were also sold and most of these Wyandots moved to Kansas and then to Oklahoma, where 

 they are still found. Some remained in the vicinity of Detroit. The present Wyandot are 

 considered more Petun than Huron. 



The Hurons who had settled on Orleans Island moved near Quebec in 1656 and, although 

 several successive villages were built, they have remained in this area. The remnants of 

 this group are the present Huron of Lorette. They have lost their old culture. (For a 

 detailed description of this group in 1899, see G6rin 1900 ; for the history of the Huron 

 after their defeat, see Clarke 1870 : Connelley 1899 c : 92-96 ; Hale 1888 : 177 ; 1894 : 4-5 ; 

 Hewitt 1907 c: 585-590; Jones 1909: 447 flf. ; 1910: 577-582; Einietz 1940: 1-4.) 



♦Hewitt (1907c: 584) and Jones (1909: 72) identified the Attigneenongnahac as the 

 "Cord People" and the Arendahronon as the "Rock People." Hewitt (1907 c: 584) sug- 

 gests Tohontaerat means "White-eared" or "Deer People"; Jones (1909: 181) suggests 

 the name means "People of One Single White Lodge." The Attignawantan are the Bear 

 people. 



* The Ataronchronon were one of several groups of Indians which had moved to near 

 the mission of Ste. Marie (Jones 1909 : 447 ; 1910 : 578 ; Fenton 1940 d : 184). The mean- 

 ing of the name, Ataronchronon, has been suggested as "People who Dwelt beyond the 

 Fens, Morass, or Silted Lake" (Jones 1909 : 314 ; 1910 : 578) or "People on the Fens" 

 (Fenton 1940 d: 181). 



« Similarly, the Iroquois League was divided into two sisterhoods, the Mohawk, Onon- 

 daga, and Seneca forming one sisterhood of tribes and the Oneida and Cayuga, the other. 

 The tribes of one sisterhood addressed each other as "brother" and tribes of the other 

 sisterhood as "our cousins." In another, and ritualistic, form of address, the Oneida and 

 Cayuga called the Mohawk, Onondaga, and Seneca sisterhood "my or our father's clans- 

 men" and the Mohawk, Onondaga, and Seneca called the Oneida and Cayuga, "my or our 

 offspring" (Hewitt 1916 : 164 ; 1917 : 325-326 ; 1944 : 83-84 ; Hewitt and Fenton 1945 : 

 305; Goldenweiser 1913: 464; Morgan 1901(1) : 79, 91-92; Shimony 1961 a: 117-118). 

 There is also a tripartite division of the tribes in the Iroquois League (Hewitt and Fenton 

 1945: 305). 



Also compare the Wyandot (and Iroquois) custom : the members of the clans of one 

 moiety call each other "brothers" and call members of clans of the opposite moiety 

 "cousins" (Connelley 1899 b: 27). 



