Tooter] 



ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE HURON 45 



individual should take the name. Gifts were presented to the chiefs 

 who gave them to the person assuming the name of the deceased. 

 The person so chosen gave his name to another relative. When a new 

 name was taken, the duties associated with that name also were 

 assumed (cf. JR 20: 35). Thus, if the deceased had been a chief, 

 the new possessor of that name became a chief (JR 23: 165-167). 

 If while alive the man had been esteemed in the country, the one who 

 took his name, "resuscitated him," gave a magnificent feast for the 

 entire country so that he might be known thereafter under his name. 

 He then recruited young men to go on a war expedition with him in 

 order to perform some daring exploit that would make it evident 

 that he had inherited not only the name but also the virtues and 

 courage of the deceased ( JR 10 : 275-277) ." 



After the name had been transferred, they "dried their tears and 

 ceased to weep"; they had placed the dead one among the living, 

 had resuscitated him, and had made him immortal. The raising 

 of the chief involved much ceremony.^ All the principal men of 

 the country were called together and a council was held. ^^ After 

 the new chief had been elected, he was resuscitated (JR 23: 167; 

 S 209-210) : all rose except the one upon whom the name of the dead 

 man was to be bestowed and put their hands down to pretend to 

 lift him from the ground, indicating that they drew out of the 



•" The transference of tlie name of the deceased to his successor survives in the ceremony 

 to "raise up" a new chief, i.e., to transfer his name (title) to his successor (Morgan 

 1901(1) : 64-67: see note 58, p. 45). Certain of the Falthkeepers, deacons of the present 

 Longhouse, also hold their position by virtue of belonging to a certain family and these 

 deacons ought to be given the name that accompanies the office (Shimony 1961 a: 77). 



The personal names given to the young child also belong to the clan among both the 

 Iroquois ( Golden weiser 1912 : 386 ; 1914 : 366-368 ; Hewitt 1918 : 534 ; 1932 : 486; Morgan 

 1901(1): 85; 1901(2): 238; Shimony 1961 a: 210-214) and Wyandot (Barbeau 1912: 

 383; 1917: 402; Connelley 1899 b: 32-37; 1899 c: 107-108; Powell 1881: 59). These 

 names are occasionally changed by formal announcement of such changes during certain 

 ceremonials. 



"8 To maintain as Hale (1883: 48) did that the custom of raising up chiefs among the 

 Huron was merely a tribal custom, but became among the Iroquois an important institu- 

 tion essential to the maintenance of the state, is probably to misinterpret the data. Among 

 the Iroquois, as among the Huron, the important chiefs were the tribal chiefs : the Iroquois 

 federal chiefs were and are tribal chiefs. As the Huron also had a confederacy, it would 

 seem likely that these tribal chiefs were also the chiefs of the Huron confederacy. 



The statement that the raising up of a Huron chief involved much ceremony probably 

 Indicates that the Huron had a ceremony comparable to the Iroquois Condolence Ceremony 

 for the raising up of a chief. The Iroquois ceremonial is well known (see Beauchamp 

 1891 b : 39-41 ; 1907 : 350-404 ; Deserontyon 1928 ; Fenton 1946 ; Hale 1883 ; Hewitt 1944 ; 

 Hewitt and Fenton 1945; Morgan 1901 (1) : 109-119; Shimony 1961 a: 256-260), Aa 

 was the Huron ceremonial, the Iroquois one is concerned with resuscitation. For example, 

 one of the five sections of the Condolence Ceremony, the Requickening, restores the chief 

 through the 14 articles, burdens, or matters. The first of these "wipe away the tears" ; 

 the second removes obstructions from the ears ; the third removes obstructions from the 

 throat; the fourth restores the internal organs ; the fifth wipes clean the bloody-husk mat 

 bed ; the sixth lets daylight into the darkness of grief ; the seventh restores the light of 

 the sky; the eighth restores the loss of the sun; and so on (Fenton 1946: 114-120). 



^ Similarly, the Iroquois Condolence Involves the important men of the country ; the 

 Investiture is in a council of all the federal chiefs. 



671-292—64 1 



