Adams] SHONTO: ROLE OF NAVAHO TRADER 59 



Table 8. — Residence group structure at Slwnto 



Structure 



Number of 



residence 



groups 



Nuclear derivation: 



1 Generation: households of siblings 



2 Generations: parents and married children 



3 Generations: parents, married children, and married grandchildren 



3 Generation remnant: grandparents and grandchildren; middle generation deceased. 



Extended derivation: 



Parents, married children, and married niece — 



Uncle-aunt and married nephews and nieces — — — 



Uncertain, apparently aflSnal relationship - - 



Isolate: 1 household -- 



Not kin-determined (Shonto School) -— - 



Total 



38 



one other has a married daughter and married grandson, and still 

 another consists of the households of married siblings of both sexes. 

 Twelve residence groups have married daughters only, and four have 

 married sons only. 



Three households reside permanently at Shonto School, maintain- 

 ing no resources elsewhere save for unfurnished hogans for occasional 

 visiting in the residence groups of parents. Additional employees 

 of the school are participating members of households which reside 

 elsewhere, and return to these on days off and during the smumer. 

 Employment and residence at the school are not in theory determined 

 by kinship; nevertheless, the school's three permanent households 

 are, in fact, closely related (sister, brother, and female parallel 

 cousin) and function as a distinct residence group. The significance 

 of this situation is discussed later (see "Control of Eesources," pp. 

 98-103) . 



RESIDENT LINEAGES 



Kluckhohn and Leighton (1946, p. 62) and their associates (e.g., 

 Vogt, 1951, p. 16 ; Landgraf, 1954, pp. 83-84) have repeatedly spoken 

 of certain social units more extended than the residence group, which 

 they term "outfits." Their choice of designations is, however, mis- 

 leading; traders and other Anglos on the scene habitually use "out- 

 fit" as synonymous with residence group. The groups to which 

 Kluckhohn and Leighton refer undoubtedly correspond to what are 

 identified as resident lineages at Shonto. It is hoped that a brief 

 discussion here may help to clarify their function and significance 

 in other Navaho communities as well. 



Resident lineages do not belong in the same structural category 

 as households and residence groups, in that they are not a priori func- 

 tional units. They are, rather, essentially historical divisions which 

 because of the social and historical traditions of Navaho land tenure 

 (see "Control of Resources," pp. 98-103) may retain a certain amount 

 of functional significance as land-use communities (cf. Kimball and 

 Provinse, 1942, p. 20 ; Thompson, 1950, pp. 144-145) . In general, how- 



