Adams] SHONTO: ROLE OF NAVAHO TRADER 79 



mattresses. Two households have gasoline-powered washing ma- 

 chines, and about a dozen have Coleman lanterns. 



TOOLS AND AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT 



Axes, shovels, hoes, picks, hand saws, claw hammers, and pliers 

 are found in just about every household, and every Navaho man car- 

 ries a pocket knife. In addition, every residence group has at least 

 one team plow, sledge hammer, and buck saw. Most households have 

 a .22 rifle, but larger bores are not used. Wrenches, screwdrivers, 

 hacksaws, chisels, and the like are rare, and specialized tools vir- 

 tually nonexistent. There is always plenty of rope and baling wire 

 around for repairs. 



TRANSPORTATION 



Most households have a wagon and chain harness, and there is at 

 least one in every residence group. In 1955 there were only 13 Navaho- 

 owned motor vehicles in the community: 7 express-body pickups, 4 

 stake-body pickups, and 2 sedans. Motor vehicles were owned in 9 

 of the 38 Shonto residence groups. The broken terrain in the Shonto 

 region is not well adapted to either wagon or automobile traffic, and 

 the horse remains the principal means of travel. Every adult owns 

 or has the regular use of a horse or, in a few instances, a mule or 

 burro, along with saddle, bridle, and latigo. 



DRESS AND ORNAMENTATION 



The appearance of modern Navahos has been photographed in- 

 numerable times, and is described by Kluckhohn and Leighton (1946, 

 p. 44). As of the present time, the basic male wardrobe consists en- 

 tirely of ready-made American articles, as follows : 



Shorts 



T-shirt 



Low socks 



High-top work shoes 



Levi's 



Cotton work shirt (everyday wear) 



"Western" type dress shirt (dress occasions) 



Levi jacket 



Straw hat or cap (summer) 



Felt hat (winter and dress occasions) 



Pendleton blanket (dress occasions) 



It is unusual for a man to have more than one of each of these items ; 

 normally an article is worn until it wears out, and then replaced. 

 Common but not universal additional articles are leather jackets, work 

 gloves, belts, and neckerchiefs (for headbands, normally worn only by 

 persons with long hair) . A few young men wear oxfords rather than 

 work shoes, and engineer boots are common in the winter. The so- 

 called "cowboy" boot is practically unknown at Shonto, and the store 

 does not carry them. 



