Adams] 



SHONTO: ROLE OF NAVAHO TRADER 



117 



Table 19. — Shonto livestock holdings in 1955 



S.9 



8m 



w 



5 .9 



S.9 





Number of grazing permits- 

 Permitted capacity, all live- 

 stock 



Actual holdings: 



Sheep 



Goats 



Cattle 



Horses ' 



58 



5,250 



3,494 



1,150 



120 



280 



1 



90.5 



65.9 



21.3 



6.7 



4.8 



1 



192 



241 



210 



14 



11 



100 



100 



97 



97 



45 



100 



1.5 



138.2 



94.4 



31.1 



7.1 



7.4 



358 



288 



210 



16 



17 



5,250 



3,494 



1,150 



480 



1,400 



1955 stocking 



Total permitted capacity - 

 Excess livestock 



6,524 G.U.i 

 5,250 Q.U. 

 1,274 G.U. 



1 Grazing unit. 



2 Including mules and burros. 



Hn=Household. 

 RQ = Residence group. 



Extended seasonal migration was undoubtedly a much more promi- 

 nent feature of Shonto life a generation or two ago, before the land 

 became crowded, and resources scarce. As of the present time the 

 summer and winter hogans of nearly every group are oriented around 

 the same water source. 



Summer hogans are said to be "farming hogans" ; they are always 

 located with primary consideration for a nearby area of alluvial soil 

 which can be cultivated (see Franciscan Fathers, 1910, p. 329; Kluck- 

 holm and Leighton, 1946, p. Y), and are occupied during the farming 

 months (see table 24). As shown in map 1, they are heavily con- 

 centrated along Shonto and Cow Springs canyons and in the floor of 

 Klethla Valley. Winter hogans are nearly always located upon higher 

 ground, with a better regard for the availability of wood (cf. Fran- 

 ciscan Fathers, 1910, p. 329; Kluckhohn and Leighton, 1946, p. 8). 

 Since the same water source must normally be used throughout the 

 year, seasonal migration in general involves little modification in 

 the grazing itinerary. 



The annual round of sheep-raising activity is outlined in table 24. 

 A few of Shonto's older families never segregate or castrate bucks, 

 and are likely to have lambs bom at odd times all during the winter. 

 A great majority of groups, however, do segregate their bucks or at 

 least equip them with aprons. Two buck pastures were originally 

 provided for the community's use by the Bureau of Indian Affairs; 

 their upkeep is now the community's own responsibility, under the 

 general supervision of the District Grazing Committee. 



Bucks are united with the flocks in late fall (contrast Landgraf, 

 1954, p. 62) , and lambing begins in. February. Shonto's annual lamb 

 drop averages a little under 70 percent (i.e., 0.7 per ewe). Lambing 



635893—63 9 



