Adams] SHONTO : ROLE OF NAVAHO TRADER 235 



(Summer Seminar on Acculturation, 1954, pp. 980-982) to a set of 

 discrete quantifiable variables. As an initial step, contact institutions 

 can be studied in terms of three sets of relationships : those with their 

 own culture, those with the alien culture, and those with each other. 

 A whole set of refinements can be made in the area of relations with 

 the alien or contacted culture, recognizing the unportantce of his- 

 torical background, extent of contact, role, and capacity to communi- 

 cate. 



The ultimate model which will be used for the analysis of cross- 

 cultural influence at Shonto is set down in full detail in table 37. For 

 the most part it is self-explanatory ; in any case its meaning will be- 

 come clear through application to the case of Shonto in succeeding 

 pages. Its purpose is to examine and evaluate the factors contributing 

 to the cross-cultural influence of each of the contact institutions in 

 Shonto community. For the sake of the present theoretical discussion 

 it is necessary only to review the major orientations of the model 

 and to clarify certam special concepts which are employed in it. 



Even Malinowski (1945, p. 73) has admitted that the structural 

 analysis of culture contact must include some consideration of non- 

 local factors, and this is the mitial point of approach in other study 

 guides (Kedfield, Linton, and Herskovits, 1936, pp. 149-150; Linton, 

 1940, p. ix; Summer Seminar on Acculturation, 1954, pp. 975-980). 

 By studying the history and the general overall pattern of culture 

 contact between any two groups it is possible to make certain hypoth- 

 eses about the nature of cross-cultural relations which are likely to 

 be true in any given contact situation. What is established thereby 

 is a sort of least common denominator of culture contact without ref er- 



Table 37. — A model for the structural analysis of culture contact at Shonto 



I. Analysis of nonlocal factors: 



A. General history of culture contact (duration, Intensity, amicability, coercion, subordination 



areas and levels of contact, numbers involved). 



B. Current general pattern of contact (areas and levels of contact, numbers involved, dependence 



or interdependence, subordination, coercion, deference). 



C. Basic direction of cross-cultural influence. 

 II. Analysis of the local contact situation: 



A. Nonpersonal contacts (printed materials, radio and movies, other products). 



B. Indirect contacts (culture contact through other members of same society). 



C. Institutions of direct culture contact ("contact institutions") (identification, charters, num- 



bers, distribution). 



III. Detailed study of specific contact institutions: 



A. Relations within own culture (areas of contact and familiarity, levels of integration, levels of 



organization, channels of communication). 



B. Relations with each other (community or conflict of interest, coincidence of contact, intercom- 



munication, cooperation or interference). 



C. Cross-cultural relations: 



1. Historical factors (duration of contact, intensity, amicability, initial acceptance of the 



contact institution). 



2. Factors of access (frequency of contact, numbers involved, extent of contact in terms of 



age groups, sexes, etc.). 



3. Factors of role (basic charter: commercial, governmental, etc., integration In alien culture, 



dependence or interdependence, coercive power, primary areas of culture affected). 



4. Factors of communication (personal or instrumental relations, accessibility, privacy, 



language and depth of communication). 



IV. Evaluation of cross-cultural influence: 



A. Definition of common denominator of culture contact. 



B. Comparative analysis of contact institutions (historical factors, factors of access, factors of role, 



factors of communication) . 



C. Summary evaluation based on all factors. 



