Adams] 



SHONTO: ROLE OF NAVAHO TRADER 



237 



on Acculturation, 1954, p. 980) . The two original categories of rela- 

 tions proposed by the Sununer Seminar (1954, pp. 980-982) —"inter- 

 cultural roles" and "intercultural communication" — have been broken 

 down into a score of variables, most of which are at least roughly 

 quantifiable. They are grouped under four major headings as his- 

 torical factors, factors of access, factors of role, and factors of com- 

 munication. In a final section, cross-cultural influence is measured in 

 terms of the sum of these factors. 



The remainder of "The Structure of Contact" will be devoted to the 

 application of the model set forth above to the actual analysis of 

 cross-cultural influence in Shonto community in 1955. 



THE BACKGROUND OF NAVAHO-ANGLO CULTURE CONTACT 



As suggested earlier, it is necessary to begin with a consideration 

 of general factors, both temporal and immediate, which contribute to 

 the nature of the localized contact situation at Shonto. The overall 

 history of contacts between Navahos and Whites, and the predominant 

 character of such contacts at all times and places, need to be considered. 



HIBTOBY OF CONTACTS 



The post-contact history of the Navaho people and the effects of 

 their intercourse with intruding European culture have been the sub- 

 jects of an extraordinary number of studies (e.g.. Farmer, 1941; 

 Luomala, 1938; Underbill, 1953 and 1956). It is not necessary to 

 repeat this material in any kind of detail here. There are, however, 

 some special features in the background of contact in the far north- 

 western Navaho area which have affected the nature of cross-cultural 

 relations at Shonto today, and which require special remark. 



The recent history of the western Navaho country was set forth in 

 "Background," pp. 30-53, and the development of White contacts was 

 outlined. A summary chronology of the major contact institutions 

 and their duration is presented in chart G, below. The most notable 



Chaet G. — Clironology of Navaho-White contacts in the western Navaho country 



Mormon settlements 

 Railroad towns 

 B.I.A. Admin, offices 

 Res. boarding schools 

 Reservation hospitals 

 Res. com-ts and police 

 Reservation trad, posts 

 Missions 

 Tribal council « 

 Commimlty schools 

 Off-res. schools 

 Railroads 



oj a> 



Infrequent contact for small numbers of Navahos 



Infrequent contact for large numbers of Navahos or frequent contact for small nimibers of Navahos 



^— — Frequent contact for large numbers of Navahos 



» Considered a White cultural influence; see "The Contact Situation at Shonto." 



