EMERSON] UNWRITTEN LTTERATITRE OF HAWAII 197 



10 Kc lio()l;ilt' ni;ii 1.1 Uc kiipM Iiolowa'a «> rUiiiueliamc," 

 Ka Ir.e luakaui kaolii-wa'a o Tapawai,'' 

 Ka lac luakaiii o AnaluMialic la. c-e ! 

 E a la oe I 



E ala, ua ao, ua malamalama : 

 Ke () a"e la ke kukuiia o ka li.-i i ka ill o kc kai ; 

 Ke lialiai .-Te la, c liko me Kmimkalii " 

 Vj lioaikano .'iiia iiic ^Nfakanoiii ; 

 Ka i);ii)a o Apua, ua lolii i ka La. 

 Vj ala (If ! 



Ill E aln, ua ao. ua malamalama; 



Ke kau aku l.-i k.-i La i Kawaihoa ; 



Ke kolii aku la ka La i ka ill o ke kai; 



Ke auai mai la ka i\v;i auai-uiaka o Lei-uo-ai. 



I ka luua o JMaka-iki-ole.-i, 

 2.") I ka poll wale o Leliua la. 



E ala oe! 



" Vkumchamc. The name of a deep valley on west Maui in the region ahove desorihed. 



^ Papaicai. The principal capo on west Maui between Lahaina and Maalaoa bay. 



'^ Kttmu-1:ahi. A cape in I'una, the easternmost part of Hawaii ; by some said to be tlie 

 sun's wife, and tlie object of his enger pursuit after coming out of liis eastern g;ite 

 Ha'eha'e. The n.-ime was also applied to a pillar of stone that was planted on the 

 northern border of this cape. Standing opposite to it, on the southern side, was tlie 

 monolith Maltanoni. In summer the sun in its northern excursion inclined, as the 

 Hawaiians noted, to the side of Kumukahi, while in the season of cool weather, called 

 Makalii, it swung in the opposite dii-eetion and passed over to Makanoni. Tlie people of 

 Puna accordingly said. " The sun has passed over to Makanoni," or " The sun has passed 

 over to Kumukahi." as the case might be. These two pillars are said to be of such a form 

 as to suggest the thought that they are phallic emblems, and this conjecture is strength- 

 ened by consideration of the tabus connected with them and of tlie religious ceremonies 

 peformed before them. The Hawaiians speak of them as poJuika cho, which, the author 

 believes, is the name given to a phallus, and describe them as plain uncarved pillars. 



These stones were set up in very ancient times and are said to have been tabu to 

 women at the times of their infirmity. If a woman climbed upon them at such a period 

 or even set foot upon the platform on which one of them stood slie was put to death. 

 Another stringent tabu forliade anyone to perform an office of nature while his face was 

 turned toward one of tliese pillars. 



The language of the mele, Kc huhai ue la e like vie Kumukahi (verse 10). implies that 

 the sun chased after Kumukahi. Apropos of this is the following quotation from an 

 article on the phallus in Chambers's Encyclopedia: "The common myth concerning it 

 [the phallus] was the slory of some god deprived of his power of generation — an allusion 

 to the sun, which in autumn loses its fructifying influence." 



In modern times there seems to have grown up a curious mixture of traditions about 

 these two stones, in whicli the old have become overlaid with new superstitions ; and 

 these last in turn seem to be dying out. They are now vaguely remembered as relics of 

 old demigods, petrified forms of ancient; kupua.* Fishermen, it is said, not long ago 

 offered sacrifices to them, hoping thus to purchase good luck. Any offense against them, 

 such as that by women, above mentioned, or by men. was atoned for by offering before 

 these ancient monuments the first tish that came to the fisherman's hook or net. 



Mention of the name Kumu-k:ihi to a Hawaiian vei'sed in ancient lore called up to his 

 memory the name of I'ala-moa as his associate. The account this old man gave of them 

 was tliat they were demigods much worshiped and feared for their power and malignity. 

 They were reputed to be cannibals on the sly, and, though generally appearing in human 

 form, were capable of various metamorphoses, thus eluding detection. They were believed 

 to have the power of taking possession of men through spiritual obsession, as a result of 

 which the obsessed ones were enabled to heal sickness as well as to cause it, to reveal 

 .secrets, jind to intiict death, thus terrifying people beyond measure. The names of tliese 

 two demigods, especially that of I'alamoa, are to this day appealed to by practitioncis of 

 the black arts. 



♦The Hawaiian alphabet had no letter s-. The Hawaiians indicated llie plural liy 

 prefixing the particle na. 



