﻿FISHERY 
  INDUSTRIES. 
  61 
  

  

  Daylight 
  came 
  at 
  3 
  p. 
  m. 
  on 
  Saturday 
  the 
  Sth, 
  only 
  to 
  be 
  dispelled 
  in 
  5 
  hours 
  by 
  the 
  

   third 
  storm 
  which, 
  however, 
  was 
  of 
  short 
  duration 
  and 
  without 
  the 
  violence 
  of 
  the 
  

   preceding 
  storms. 
  Though 
  the 
  air 
  was 
  full 
  of 
  ashes 
  many 
  days, 
  Sunday 
  morning 
  

   marked 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  eruption 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  it 
  had 
  any 
  effect 
  upon 
  the 
  daily 
  seasons. 
  

   Throughout 
  the 
  storms 
  the 
  air 
  was 
  cool 
  and 
  remarkably 
  free 
  from 
  fumes; 
  temperatures, 
  

   after 
  the 
  sudden 
  decline 
  at 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  the 
  eruption, 
  fluctuated 
  but 
  little; 
  air 
  

   held 
  close 
  to 
  44° 
  F., 
  water 
  at 
  39°. 
  

  

  Region 
  affected. 
  — 
  The 
  region 
  affected 
  by 
  this 
  eruption 
  lies 
  almost 
  entirely 
  east 
  of 
  

   the 
  volcano. 
  Though 
  traces 
  of 
  dust 
  have 
  been 
  reported 
  from 
  Fairbanks, 
  Alaska, 
  and 
  

   British 
  Columbia 
  and 
  Puget 
  Sound 
  points, 
  the 
  eastern 
  limit 
  to 
  which 
  any 
  appreciable 
  

   quantity 
  of 
  ashes 
  was 
  carried 
  should 
  be 
  fixed 
  well 
  out 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  Pacific 
  Ocean. 
  

   To 
  the 
  west 
  ashes 
  are 
  not 
  found 
  more 
  than 
  about 
  25 
  miles 
  from 
  the 
  volcano. 
  The 
  ash 
  

   clouds 
  moved 
  eastward 
  across 
  Shelikof 
  Strait 
  to 
  Afognak 
  and 
  Kodiak 
  Islands, 
  spread- 
  

   ing 
  north 
  and 
  south 
  as 
  they 
  advanced 
  until 
  by 
  the 
  time 
  the 
  one 
  hundred 
  and 
  fifty- 
  

   second 
  meridian 
  was 
  reached 
  they 
  covered 
  a 
  zone 
  nearly 
  150 
  miles 
  in 
  width. 
  The 
  

   northern 
  boundary 
  of 
  this 
  zone 
  can 
  be 
  represented 
  by 
  a 
  line 
  extended 
  from 
  Hallo 
  Bay 
  

   on 
  the 
  peninsula 
  northeastward 
  to 
  Barren 
  Islands 
  and 
  beyond; 
  its 
  southern 
  limit 
  is 
  

   shown 
  by 
  extending 
  a 
  line 
  from 
  a 
  point 
  25 
  miles 
  west 
  of 
  Katmai 
  Bay 
  to 
  Cape 
  Karluk, 
  

   thence 
  crossing 
  Kodiak 
  Island 
  to 
  Shearwater 
  Bay. 
  Within 
  the 
  affected 
  zone 
  as 
  

   applied 
  to 
  the 
  islands, 
  a 
  belt 
  50 
  miles 
  wide 
  with 
  Kupreanof 
  Strait 
  as 
  its 
  center 
  

   embraces 
  the 
  area 
  most 
  heavily 
  covered 
  with 
  ashes. 
  

  

  Quantity 
  and 
  character 
  of 
  material 
  ejected. 
  — 
  Over 
  the 
  central 
  region 
  ash 
  fell 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  

   of 
  10 
  inches. 
  It 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  three 
  layers, 
  representing 
  the 
  three 
  showers. 
  The 
  first 
  

   layer, 
  measuring 
  3 
  inches 
  in 
  depth, 
  consists 
  of 
  fine 
  gray 
  sand 
  whose 
  grains 
  are 
  of 
  three 
  

   kinds; 
  some 
  are 
  nearly 
  white 
  and 
  opaque, 
  others 
  are 
  transparent 
  resembling 
  small 
  

   particles 
  of 
  sal 
  ammoniac, 
  and 
  the 
  rest 
  are 
  black 
  or 
  dark 
  amber 
  and 
  susceptible 
  to 
  

   magnetic 
  influences. 
  The 
  second 
  layer, 
  5 
  inches 
  deep, 
  is 
  composed 
  entirely 
  of 
  fine 
  

   brown 
  dust, 
  which 
  when 
  falling 
  so 
  filled 
  the 
  air 
  that 
  it 
  affected 
  the 
  eyes, 
  nasal 
  passages, 
  

   and 
  throat 
  of 
  everyone. 
  The 
  third 
  and 
  uppermost 
  layer 
  measured 
  2 
  inches 
  in 
  depth 
  

   and 
  it 
  also 
  is 
  a 
  flour-like 
  dust 
  of 
  a 
  light 
  gray 
  color. 
  

  

  North 
  and 
  south 
  from 
  this 
  central 
  region 
  the 
  ashes 
  gradually 
  diminish 
  in 
  depth 
  until 
  

   the 
  border 
  of 
  the 
  affected 
  area 
  is 
  reached, 
  each 
  layer 
  being 
  proportionately 
  reduced. 
  

  

  Besides 
  the 
  dust 
  and 
  sand 
  ejected 
  by 
  Katmai 
  Volcano 
  a 
  considerable 
  quantity 
  of 
  

   pumice 
  stone 
  was 
  thrown 
  out. 
  These 
  stones 
  ranged 
  in 
  size 
  from 
  small 
  particles 
  to 
  

   those 
  several 
  inches 
  in 
  diameter, 
  and 
  they 
  varied 
  in 
  color 
  as 
  did 
  the 
  ashes. 
  All 
  this 
  

   coarser 
  material 
  fell 
  on 
  the 
  mainland 
  not 
  many 
  miles 
  from 
  the 
  volcano. 
  The 
  streams 
  

   and 
  rivers 
  of 
  the 
  vicinity 
  carried 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  ocean 
  where 
  it 
  formed 
  into 
  large 
  fields 
  that 
  

   were 
  moved 
  here 
  and 
  there 
  by 
  winds 
  and 
  tides 
  and 
  piled 
  2 
  or 
  3 
  feet 
  deep 
  on 
  the 
  beaches 
  

   of 
  the 
  islands. 
  

  

  Immediate 
  effect 
  of 
  eruption. 
  — 
  The 
  winter 
  and 
  spring 
  had 
  been 
  favorable 
  seasons; 
  

   deciduous 
  bushes 
  were 
  opening 
  into 
  full 
  foliage; 
  perennial 
  plants 
  had 
  made 
  a 
  remark- 
  

   able 
  growth, 
  particularly 
  in 
  the 
  lowlands; 
  the 
  birds 
  of 
  summer 
  were 
  nesting 
  and 
  filling 
  

   the 
  land 
  with 
  song; 
  salmon 
  were 
  entering 
  the 
  streams 
  and 
  lakes 
  and 
  were 
  appearing 
  

   in 
  good 
  numbers 
  in 
  the 
  bays; 
  even 
  the 
  mosquitoes 
  and 
  sand 
  flies 
  were 
  making 
  their 
  

   presence 
  known. 
  The 
  snow 
  had 
  gone 
  except 
  on 
  the 
  tops 
  of 
  the 
  hills; 
  the 
  lakes 
  had 
  

   been 
  free 
  from 
  ice 
  since 
  early 
  in 
  February; 
  streams 
  were 
  very 
  clear 
  and 
  at 
  their 
  

   normal 
  flow. 
  

  

  But 
  in 
  the 
  immediate 
  effect 
  of 
  this 
  eruption, 
  these 
  things 
  were 
  laid 
  waste 
  and 
  

   made 
  hideous 
  and 
  appalling 
  by 
  the 
  mantle 
  of 
  ashes 
  which 
  fell 
  over 
  them. 
  Trees 
  

   were 
  loaded 
  to 
  the 
  breaking 
  point 
  and 
  the 
  plants 
  were 
  in 
  great 
  part 
  buried. 
  With 
  

   the 
  possible 
  exception 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  small 
  rodents, 
  mammals 
  were 
  not 
  seriously 
  

   affected, 
  only 
  as 
  it 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  more 
  difficult 
  to 
  find 
  food. 
  But 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  smaller 
  

   birds 
  perished, 
  while 
  the 
  living 
  members 
  of 
  their 
  species 
  had 
  flown 
  to 
  other 
  regions. 
  

   Only 
  the 
  eagles, 
  ravens, 
  magpies, 
  gulls, 
  and 
  ptarmigans 
  remained 
  to 
  the 
  end 
  in 
  the 
  

   face 
  of 
  destruction 
  to 
  their 
  nests 
  and 
  young. 
  Half-grown 
  ravens 
  were 
  found 
  dead 
  

  

  