﻿FISHERY 
  INDUSTRIES. 
  85 
  

  

  were 
  drawn 
  as 
  desired 
  and 
  fed 
  to 
  the 
  butchering 
  machines 
  set 
  

   close-by. 
  

  

  The 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  hopper 
  at 
  this 
  end 
  being 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  height 
  as 
  

   the 
  heading 
  table 
  of 
  the 
  iron 
  chinks, 
  no 
  hooking 
  or 
  pewing 
  was 
  neces- 
  

   sary. 
  In 
  sorting 
  kings 
  and 
  cohos 
  were 
  readily 
  distinguished 
  by 
  

   their 
  larger 
  size, 
  while 
  dog 
  salmon, 
  which 
  in 
  Bering 
  Sea 
  run 
  with 
  the 
  

   reds, 
  were 
  easily 
  separated 
  after 
  butchering 
  because 
  of 
  their 
  paler 
  

   flesh. 
  The 
  sides 
  and 
  floor 
  of 
  the 
  hopper 
  were 
  of 
  heavy 
  tongue-and- 
  

   groove 
  planking 
  so 
  tightly 
  joined 
  that 
  the 
  fish-house 
  floor 
  was 
  per- 
  

   fectly 
  dry 
  and 
  clean. 
  For 
  cleaning 
  the 
  hopper 
  a 
  chute 
  led 
  from 
  the 
  

   lower 
  end 
  immediately 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  gate 
  down 
  through 
  the 
  can- 
  

   nery 
  floor 
  into 
  the 
  water 
  below. 
  The 
  chute 
  was 
  covered 
  by 
  a 
  grating, 
  

   which 
  permitted 
  slime 
  to 
  drain 
  off 
  at 
  all 
  times. 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  several 
  advantages 
  in 
  this 
  arrangement, 
  chief 
  of 
  which 
  

   is 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  first 
  fish 
  dumped 
  into 
  the 
  hopper 
  is 
  the 
  first 
  one 
  

   out; 
  each 
  is 
  butchered 
  in 
  the 
  order 
  of 
  its 
  arrival 
  in 
  the 
  cannery. 
  

   No 
  fish 
  accumulate 
  in 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  a 
  bin 
  or 
  tank, 
  where 
  they 
  may 
  

   remain 
  all 
  day 
  long 
  before 
  being 
  put 
  in 
  the 
  cans. 
  The 
  hopper 
  idea 
  

   is 
  an 
  improvement 
  worthy 
  of 
  general 
  adoption. 
  

  

  Filling 
  machine 
  s 
  for 
  flat 
  cans. 
  — 
  Pound 
  for 
  pound, 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  larger 
  

   return 
  from 
  salmon 
  packed 
  in 
  1-pound 
  flat 
  and 
  half-pound 
  flat 
  con- 
  

   tainers 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  1 
  -pound 
  tall 
  can. 
  Heretofore 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  cus- 
  

   tomary 
  to 
  fill 
  the 
  flat 
  cans 
  by 
  hand, 
  but 
  this 
  year 
  machines 
  designed 
  

   to 
  do 
  this 
  mechanically 
  were 
  taken 
  to 
  Alaska, 
  and 
  their 
  successful 
  

   operation 
  will 
  no 
  doubt 
  be 
  followed 
  by 
  an 
  increasing 
  output 
  of 
  the 
  

   more 
  favorably 
  regarded 
  flat 
  packages. 
  The 
  extra 
  labor 
  and 
  time 
  

   involved 
  in 
  the 
  hand 
  process 
  of 
  filling 
  flat 
  cans 
  have 
  been 
  the 
  difiicult 
  

   features 
  to 
  overcome 
  from 
  the 
  cannerymen's 
  point 
  of 
  view. 
  

  

  Plan 
  to 
  avoid 
  pewing 
  salmon. 
  — 
  There 
  is 
  considerable 
  controversy 
  

   over 
  the 
  question 
  of 
  pewing 
  or 
  forking 
  salmon, 
  some 
  cannerymen 
  

   maintaining 
  that 
  after 
  the 
  fish 
  is 
  dead 
  this 
  does 
  no 
  harm 
  and 
  that 
  

   the 
  pew 
  marks 
  can 
  not 
  be 
  detected 
  later; 
  others 
  hold 
  a 
  contrary 
  

   opinion 
  and 
  take 
  pains 
  that 
  no 
  fish 
  are 
  pewed 
  or 
  hooked 
  in 
  any 
  part 
  

   except 
  the 
  head 
  or 
  tail, 
  which 
  are 
  at 
  present 
  waste 
  portions. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  

   fact, 
  nevertheless, 
  that 
  too 
  much 
  attention 
  to 
  such 
  details 
  can 
  not 
  

   be 
  given, 
  for 
  the 
  more 
  tenderly 
  the 
  fish 
  is 
  handled 
  the 
  finer 
  should 
  be 
  

   the 
  resultant 
  food 
  product. 
  In 
  Bristol 
  Bay, 
  where 
  red 
  salmon 
  are 
  

   taken 
  in 
  enormous 
  numbers, 
  it 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  practically 
  impossible 
  to 
  

   obviate 
  the 
  necessity 
  for 
  pewing 
  except 
  at 
  undue 
  expense, 
  yet 
  since 
  

   no 
  effort 
  has 
  ever 
  been 
  made 
  to 
  handle 
  them 
  in 
  any 
  other 
  manner, 
  

   the 
  statement 
  is 
  not 
  conclusive. 
  A 
  packing 
  concern 
  which 
  has 
  re- 
  

   cently 
  entered 
  the 
  Alaska 
  field 
  has 
  announced 
  its 
  intention 
  of 
  trying 
  

   out 
  a 
  scheme 
  devised 
  by 
  an 
  agent 
  of 
  this 
  Bureau 
  whose 
  observations 
  

   of 
  the 
  methods 
  of 
  the 
  fishery 
  cover 
  a 
  wide 
  range 
  and 
  a 
  long 
  period 
  

   of 
  time. 
  

  

  22889°— 
  14 
  19 
  

  

  