﻿MUSSELS 
  OF 
  CENTRAL 
  AND 
  NOETHERN 
  MINNESOTA. 
  11 
  

  

  the 
  others 
  and 
  perhaps 
  even 
  better, 
  but 
  are 
  not 
  sufficient 
  in 
  quantity 
  

   to 
  warrant 
  shipping 
  them 
  for 
  any 
  distance. 
  Such 
  factories 
  deserve 
  

   the 
  encouragement 
  of 
  both 
  fishermen 
  and 
  manufacturers. 
  

  

  MUSSELS 
  OF 
  THE 
  MINNESOTA 
  RIVER 
  GROUP. 
  

  

  As 
  has 
  been 
  akeady 
  stated, 
  the 
  Minnesota 
  River 
  and 
  its 
  tributaries 
  

   have 
  been 
  pretty 
  thoroughly 
  worked 
  up 
  by 
  representatives 
  of 
  the 
  

   button 
  factories. 
  Like 
  the 
  St. 
  Croix, 
  this 
  river 
  empties 
  into 
  the 
  

   Mississippi 
  below 
  the 
  Falls 
  of 
  St. 
  Anthony, 
  and 
  so 
  affords 
  a 
  free 
  

   passage 
  for 
  all 
  kinds 
  of 
  fish 
  and 
  mussels. 
  Furthermore, 
  it 
  formed 
  a 
  

   part 
  of 
  the 
  glacial 
  River 
  Warren, 
  which 
  was 
  the 
  outlet 
  of 
  Lake 
  Agassiz, 
  

   and 
  thus 
  there 
  has 
  been 
  no 
  break 
  in 
  its 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  

   Mississippi. 
  

  

  The 
  present 
  investigation 
  did 
  not 
  include 
  the 
  river 
  itself, 
  but 
  only 
  

   some 
  of 
  the 
  lakes 
  in 
  Douglas 
  County 
  that 
  eventually 
  drain 
  into 
  it 
  by 
  

   way 
  of 
  the 
  Chippewa 
  River. 
  

  

  Within 
  a 
  radius 
  of 
  6 
  miles 
  from 
  Alexandria, 
  the 
  county 
  seat 
  of 
  

   Douglas 
  County, 
  there 
  are 
  20 
  small 
  lakes, 
  several 
  of 
  wliich 
  have 
  

   become 
  quite 
  noted 
  summer 
  resorts. 
  

  

  Lakes 
  Agnes, 
  Henry, 
  and 
  Winona 
  are 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  rtiilroad 
  station, 
  

   small, 
  shallow, 
  and 
  filled 
  with 
  water 
  plants. 
  The 
  only 
  mussels 
  found 
  

   in 
  them 
  were 
  dwarfed 
  and 
  thin-sheUed 
  muckets 
  {L. 
  luteola), 
  whose 
  

   epidermis 
  was 
  highly 
  polished 
  and 
  somewhat 
  marly 
  and 
  whose 
  

   nacre 
  was 
  a 
  beautiful 
  smoky 
  brown. 
  

  

  Four 
  miles 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  city 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  group 
  of 
  thj-ee 
  larger 
  

   and 
  much 
  deeper 
  lakes, 
  called, 
  respectively. 
  Darling, 
  Carlos, 
  and 
  

   L' 
  Homme 
  Dieu. 
  These 
  lakes 
  are 
  comparatively 
  free 
  from 
  water 
  

   weeds, 
  have 
  sand 
  and 
  gravel 
  bottoms, 
  are 
  very 
  deep, 
  and 
  contain 
  

   plenty 
  of 
  fish, 
  but 
  the 
  only 
  mussels 
  that 
  could 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  them 
  

   were 
  Anodontoides 
  freussacianus 
  modestus 
  and 
  Anodonta 
  pepiniana. 
  

  

  A 
  similar 
  fauna 
  was 
  reported 
  for 
  the 
  other 
  14 
  lakes, 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  does 
  

   not 
  appear 
  as 
  if 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  lakes 
  in 
  Douglas 
  County 
  contained 
  com^ 
  

   mercial 
  shells. 
  Nor 
  do 
  any 
  of 
  them 
  present 
  conditions 
  that 
  would 
  

   recommend 
  the 
  introduction 
  of 
  merchantable 
  species 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  

   artificial 
  i)ropagation. 
  

  

  Some 
  of 
  the 
  isolated 
  lakes 
  in 
  this 
  drainage, 
  however, 
  present 
  

   entirely 
  different 
  conditions. 
  

  

  MUSSELS 
  OF 
  THE 
  RED 
  RIVER 
  GROUP. 
  

  

  The 
  lakes 
  and 
  rivers 
  belongmg 
  to 
  tliis 
  group 
  were 
  populated 
  with 
  

   mussels 
  from 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  River 
  by 
  way 
  of 
  the 
  glacial 
  river 
  Warren 
  

   and 
  Lake 
  Agassiz. 
  Since 
  the 
  disappearance 
  of 
  this 
  glacial 
  river 
  and 
  

   lake 
  the 
  Minnesota 
  River 
  drainage 
  and 
  the 
  Red 
  River 
  drainage 
  have 
  

   been 
  separated, 
  and 
  each 
  has 
  acquired 
  peculiarities 
  of 
  its 
  own. 
  

   The 
  Red 
  River 
  turns 
  northward 
  along 
  the 
  western 
  border 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  