﻿WATER-POWER 
  DEVELOPMENT 
  IN 
  RELATION 
  TO 
  FISHES 
  AND 
  

   MUSSELS 
  OF 
  THE 
  MISSISSIPPI/ 
  

  

  INTRODUCTION. 
  

  

  Begun 
  in 
  January, 
  1911, 
  and 
  practically 
  completed 
  in 
  June, 
  1913, 
  

   the 
  dam 
  on 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  between 
  Keokuk, 
  Iowa, 
  and 
  Hamilton, 
  

   111., 
  is 
  not 
  only 
  an 
  eminent 
  feat 
  of 
  engineering 
  and 
  of 
  efhcient 
  and 
  

   expeditious 
  construction, 
  but 
  it 
  marks 
  an 
  epoch 
  in 
  man's 
  utilization 
  

   of 
  the 
  greatest 
  North 
  American 
  river. 
  Two 
  hundred 
  thousand 
  

   horsepower 
  are 
  made 
  available 
  for 
  commercial 
  uses, 
  65 
  miles 
  of 
  

   water 
  deep 
  enough 
  for 
  unimpeded 
  navigation 
  is 
  provided 
  above 
  the 
  

   dam, 
  and 
  a 
  single 
  lock 
  of 
  the 
  high 
  lift 
  of 
  40 
  feet 
  replaces 
  a 
  navigation 
  

   canal 
  and 
  chain 
  of 
  three 
  locks 
  formerly 
  necessary 
  for 
  the 
  passage 
  of 
  

   the 
  Des 
  Moines 
  rapids 
  of 
  the 
  Mississippi, 
  now 
  deeply 
  submerged 
  

   beneath 
  the 
  waters 
  of 
  Lake 
  Cooper. 
  Substantial 
  public 
  benefits 
  

   are 
  combined 
  with 
  the 
  execution 
  of 
  such 
  an 
  enterprise. 
  

  

  This 
  unique 
  water-power 
  development 
  wiU 
  have 
  a 
  great 
  signifi- 
  

   cance 
  for 
  the 
  fisheries 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  Mississippi, 
  not 
  only 
  in 
  the 
  possi- 
  

   ble 
  checking 
  of 
  the 
  upstream 
  movement 
  of 
  migratory 
  fishes, 
  but 
  in 
  

   the 
  large 
  area 
  of 
  lake 
  waters 
  it 
  provides 
  through 
  the 
  submerging 
  of 
  

   former 
  dry 
  land 
  and 
  the 
  backing 
  up 
  of 
  small 
  tributary 
  creeks. 
  It 
  

   is 
  important 
  to 
  point 
  out 
  the 
  significant 
  advantage 
  to 
  fish 
  and 
  mussel 
  

   life 
  of 
  the 
  gi'eat 
  additions 
  to 
  the 
  feeding 
  and 
  breeding 
  gi-ounds 
  covered 
  

   by 
  comparatively 
  stiU 
  water; 
  it 
  is 
  also 
  necessary 
  to 
  caU 
  attention 
  to 
  

   the 
  probable 
  deleterious 
  effect 
  of 
  the 
  dam 
  as 
  an 
  obstruction 
  to 
  the 
  

   free 
  movement 
  of 
  fishes 
  from 
  the 
  lower 
  river 
  to 
  the 
  upper, 
  and 
  vice 
  

   versa. 
  How 
  advantage 
  and 
  disadvantage, 
  as 
  regards 
  fish 
  life, 
  are 
  

   to 
  balance 
  against 
  each 
  other 
  in 
  the 
  future 
  is 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  foretold. 
  

   Time 
  and 
  observation 
  alone 
  will 
  show, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  this 
  

   report 
  to 
  present 
  and 
  to 
  analyze 
  the 
  conditions 
  offered 
  by 
  the 
  dam, 
  

   and 
  to 
  point 
  out 
  the 
  opportunities 
  and 
  the 
  importance 
  of 
  subsequent 
  

   observations, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  to 
  offer 
  certain 
  suggestions 
  for 
  the 
  minimizing 
  

   of 
  harm 
  and 
  the 
  increase 
  of 
  benefit. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  hoped, 
  too, 
  that 
  the 
  report 
  may 
  serve 
  the 
  broader 
  purpose 
  of 
  

   pointing 
  out 
  the 
  complexity 
  of 
  the 
  problems 
  involved 
  in 
  the 
  effect 
  

   of 
  water-power 
  development 
  upon 
  fisheries 
  and 
  of 
  bringing 
  out, 
  even 
  

   if 
  inadequately, 
  the 
  opportunities 
  and 
  the 
  fundamental 
  necessity 
  of 
  

  

  a 
  The 
  illustrations 
  ia 
  thi 
  paper 
  are 
  published 
  by 
  courtesy 
  of 
  the 
  photographer, 
  Mr. 
  Anschutz. 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  