H^nlTNGTON] ETHNOZOOLOGY OF THE TEWA INDIANS 5 



native uncultivated flora, and without considerable change in topog- 

 raphy and flora there would be little change in the fauna. ^ 



In event of such desiccation some local migrations of species sug- 

 gest themselves as possible. During August the writers found no 

 blackbirds or meadowlarks on the mesas or in the canyons examined 

 and conditions are not favorable to their regular presence there, but 

 with somewhat greater precipitation moist meadows may have pro- 

 vided a suitable habitat for the redwings and cultivated upland areas 

 near water may have attracted the meadowlarks. Both are now 

 found in favorable localities in the Rio Grande valley. In a paper 

 hereinafter cited Mrs. Bailey says that in San Miguel county the 

 meadowlark occtu's only in depressions in the plams where there is 

 water. The limited distribution of water restricts the habitat of 

 ducks and shore birds, which once may have been more generally 

 distributed. 



To understand fully the culture of a region it is necessary to know 

 somethuig of the native animals, especially those which have been 

 useful to the people or which would have been noticed by them. The 

 flesh of animals furnishes food, the skins pro\dde raiment, thongs, 

 and other useful i)roducts, and bones furnish awls and other imple- 

 ments; but perhaps even more important, from the cultural point of 

 view, is the fact that animals enter largely into the mythology and 

 religion of ])rimitive peoples. The finduig, in the ruins, of bones 

 other than human may fairly be assumed to indicate that the 

 animals to wliich they belonged were used by the former inhabitants 

 for utilitarian^ ornamental, or ceremonial purposes. In most cases 

 the character of the animals, the condition of the bones, or the cir- 

 cumstances under wliich found suggests a marked probability as to 

 the particular use. The culture, religion, and language of livmg 

 peoples who are believed to be either directly descended from or closely 

 related to the ancient inhabitants surely must tlu'ow much light on 

 the subject. A large cpiantity of bones has been taken from the 

 ruins of the Pajarito plateau, but the work of identification has not 

 yet been completed. 



It is not likely that m the use of animals for food the ancient 

 inhabitants of this region difl^ered much from those of northeastern 

 Arizona. Discussing the bones found in the latter region, Hough ^ 

 says: 



The remains show that most of the animals of the region were consumed as food; 

 but, as might be anticipated, bones of the carnivora are much rarer than those of the 

 herbivora, the latter represented by deer and rabbit species, and the former by the 

 fox, coyote, wolf, dog, raccoon, badger, wildcat, and puma, but no bones of the bear 



' See Bulletins 54 and 55 of the Bureau of American Ethnology. 



2 Hough, Walter, Archeological Field AVork in Northeastern Arizona (The Museum-Gates Kxpedilion 

 Of 1901), Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1901, pp. 356-57, 1903. 



