HArrfNGTox] ETHNOZOOLOGY OF THE TEWA INDIANS 25 



the former. It is notable that Lewis and Clark and other early 

 explorers in the West called the grizzly the white bear. It is to be 

 noted that there is but one Indian name for the bear, in spite of the 

 fact that they describe five kinds, a nomenclature paralleled in many 

 other languages of the Southwest. Bandeher ^ says in his Final 

 Report : 



The bear makes great havoc among the pinon trees. Climbing into the tops for the 

 nuts, he tears off entire limbs and generally ruins the tree. Three kinds of bears are 

 spoken of by the Indians and the Spanish settlers: The silver-tip (Platiado, Ko-ha-yo 

 Kash-ya), the brown bear (Oso Colorado, Ko-ha-yo Ke-han-ye), and the black bear 

 (Oso prieto, Ko-ha-yo Moh''-na-ka-nyi). 



Bandeher doubted the identity of the '^silver-tip" with the grizzly, 

 because he chd not beheve the latter species was found in this area. 

 The Indian word-forms quoted are presumably in the Cocliiti dialect 

 of the Keres language. 



Po-musa, 'water cat' (po', water; musa, house cat). See mwsa, 

 page 29. 



Procyon lotor Linn. Raccoon. 

 The ''coon" is said to occur in the Rio Grande Canyon, near the 

 mouth of El Rito de los Frijoles and elsewhere. Russell - gives 

 va'owdk as the Pima name for tliis species, and says : 



The raccoon is said to be used for food, though the writer did not see any of the 

 aninials or any of their skins during a stay of a year and a half in Arizona. 



Tse (akin to Taos Uuland, dog). 

 Domestic Dog. 



The Isleta call the dog qwianiie, the Jemez TcJdny,, the Ilopi pohb, 

 the Zuni wdtsita. 



There is some direct and much indirect evidence that domesticated 

 dogs were widely distributed among the North American Indians 

 before the landing of Columbus. The fact that all Indian languages 

 which have come to our attention contain native names for the dog, 

 distinct from that applied to the coyote, wolf, and fox, is significant. 

 No less significant is the fact that the names for the horse and other 

 animals mtroduced by the whites are either newly coined words of de- 

 scriptive meaning, modifications of the names for some other animal, 

 or adaptations of the names used by white men. The Indians of the 

 Southwest, including the Pueblos, are not exceptions. They have 

 native names for the dog, while their names for the horse are either 

 descriptive, compound, or derived from the Spanish. Possibly an 

 examination of early Spanish documents relating to the Southwest 

 would develop direct statements m regard to dogs found in possession 

 of the natives at their earliest contact with the whites, but lack of 

 present access to the literature as well as lack of time ])revent us 

 from gomg far into the subject. 



1 Bandelier, A. F., op. cit., p. 150, note. 



2 Russell, Frank, The Pima Indians, Twenty-sixth Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 82, 1908. 



