PHONETIC KEY 



It is necessary to preface this memoir witli a key to the Tewa 

 sounds and tlie symbols adopted to represent them. 



1. Orinasal vowels, pronounced with mouth and nose passages 

 open: a (Eng. father, but orinasal), « (Eng. man, but orinasal), 

 g (moderately close e, orinasal), { (Portuguese sim), a (French pas, 

 but orinasal), o (moderately close o, orinasal), y, (Portuguese atum). 



2. Oral vowels, pronounced with mouth passage open and nose 

 passage closed by the velum: a (Eng. father), e (moderately close e), 

 i (Eng. rout-ine), o (moderately close o), u (Eng. rule). 



An inverted period after a vowel symbol indicates that the vowel 

 is long. A superior vowel symbol indicates that the vowel is very 

 short and gratmg (knarrstimmig) . The vowels are breathy, and 

 unless followed by the glottal stop, a glottalized stop, or a voiced 

 sound, an aspu-ation is distinctly heard toward the end. 



3. Semi-vowels: j (Ger. ja, but very fricative), w (Eng. way). 



4. Laryngeal consonants: h (laryngeal Ji), ' (glottal stop, lenis). 



5. Dorsal consonants: Ic (voiceless lenis), lew (voiceless lenis 

 labialized, Latm quis), k (glottalized), ¥ (aspirated), (/ (Eng. Unger, 

 voiced inflative g preplosively nasal), g, (Castilian abogrado), qw 

 (Castilian ;/wez), y (Eng. singer), yw (Eng. Lan^w'orthy). 



In absolute auslaut 7j is somewhat palatal, also before ' and h. 

 Before frontal consonants y is assimilated to n, before labial con- 

 sonants to m. 



6. Frontal consonants: h (Castilian ma^lana), t (voiceless lenis) ^ 

 l (glottalized), t' (aspu-ated), d (Eng. Xanding, inflative d preplosively 

 nasal), a, (Japanese roku), ts (Ger. 2ehn, but very lenis), fs (Ger. z, 

 glottalized), s (Eng. saw^, tf (Eng. c/iew, but lenis), ff (Eng. c^ew, 

 glottalized), / (Eng. sMp) (/ is the capital of /), n (Eng. tiow). 



7. Labial consonants: j) (voiceless lenis), p (glottalized), f, 

 (aspirated), 6 (Eng. lamftent, voiced inflative 6 preplosively nasal), 

 6 (Castilian caftallo), m (Eng. man). 



The sound of I is heard in some words of foreign origin, and in San 

 Ildefonso folamimi, 'butterfly'. 



The consonants may also be classified as f oUows : 

 Voiced constringents : j, w. 

 Voiceless fricatives : h, s, f. 

 Voiceless fricatives labialized : qw. 



