62 BUREAU OF AMEEICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 56 



Fewkes ^ mentions West Coast marine shell ornaments in Arizona, 

 made from Pectun cuius [Glj/cimeris] sp., Conus fergusoni, C. prince ps, 

 C. regularis, Turritella sp., Haliotis sp., Stromhus sp., Cardium sp., 

 Melongena patula, Oliva angulata, and Oliva [Olwella] hiplicata or 

 Matula, many of the sj^ecies having also found their way into New 

 Mexico. He says (p. SS) : 



It is well known that there was a considerable trade in early times in these shells, 

 and long trips were taken by the Pueblo Indians for trade purposes. 



The intercourse of northern and southern peoples of Arizona through trading expe- 

 ditions continued to quite recent times, but judging from the number of specimens 

 which were found in the ruins it must have been considerably greater in prehistoric 

 times than it is at present. In fact, much of the decline in this traffic is probably 

 to be traced to the modification of the southern Arizonian aborigines and the intro- 

 duction of new ornaments by the whites. 



From the ruins near Winslow, Arizona, the following species of 

 Pacific coast marine shells have been reported by Fewkes: ^ Pectuncu- 

 lus giganteus Reeve, Melongena patula Rod. & Sow., Stromhus 

 galeatus Wood, Conus fergusoni Sow., Cardium elatum Sow., Oliva 

 angulata Lam., Oliva Matula Gmelin, Oliva hiplicata Sew., Turritella 

 tigrina Keiner. 



Our San Ildefonso Indian informants had a distinct name for 

 Ashmunella, which is common along El Rito de los Frijoles, in the 

 Jemez Mountaiiis, and ])robably in favorable localities throughout 

 the region. They did not know Oreohelii, three specimens of which 

 were obtained in the Jemez Mountains. Pupilla, although only 3 

 millimeters in height and 1.5 millimeter in width, recsived a special 

 name, being distinguished from the more flatly spired shells by its 

 high spire and cylindrical form. The flatter shells of small size 

 (Vallonia, Zonitoides, etc.) were grouped under another name, with- 

 out distinguishing species. One of the Indian boys, who had never 

 noticed the snails before, was shown several species under some logs. 

 He began a search and soon found a Cochlicopa, which differs markedly 

 from the species that had been shown to him, and he at once recog- 

 nized it as another kind of snail, but our informants had no distinct 

 name for it. 



The mollusks of the region have no apparent economic value. 

 Conditions are not favorable in the Rio Grande Valley of northern 

 New ]\Iexico for the larger clams, which would have a food value, and 

 none have been found. 



There appear to be no published records of bivalve mollusks 

 (Pelecypoda) for the region. Calyculina and Pisidium have been 

 found in the Rio Grande drainage in Colorado, and the latter, if not 

 the former, probably occurs in our area in New Mexico, wherever 



1 Fewkes, J.W., Two Summers' Work in Pueblo Ruins, Twenty-second Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethn., 

 partl,pp. 88-93, 187, 1904. 



2 Fewkes, J.W., Preliminary Account of an Expedition to the Pueblo Ruins Near Winslow, Arizona, 

 in 1896, Smithsonian Rep. for 1896, pp. 529, 530, 535, 536, 1898. 



