ihe BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 184 
I am not a trained linguist and my transcription of native terms 
leaves much to be desired. I have followed the ‘‘Rules for the Simpler 
System’ in “‘Phonetic Transcription of Indian Languages,’”’ (Amer. 
Anthrop. Assoc. Comm., vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 2-5) to the best of my 
ability. I have also leaned on Boas’ ‘‘Keresan Texts” (1925, 1928) 
to some extent. But not all Indians pronounce the same words alike, 
and even with a given informant sometimes I hear a word pronounced 
one way, sometimes another (Boas did, also; see below). Sounds 
and symbols in my Glossary are as follows: 
a as in father a as in but 
e as in fate € as in met 
1 as In pique «as in pin 
oO as in note i see below 
u as In rule v as in put 
c=sh as in ship tech as in chip 
B is intermediate b—p; D is intermediate d—-t; c intermediate g—k. 
The first syllable of many Keresan words is considerably elongated. 
This is indicated by an elevated period: o‘kast. Sometimes this 
elongated syllable is accented as well: h‘dé-mi. In many words the 
last syllable, or even more than one syllable, is unvoiced; this is in- 
dicated by elevated and diminutive letters: k’dtic’* (the name of 
San Felipe pueblo). The vowel i is rather common in Keres. It is 
described by Boas (1925, p. xii) as follows: “It is produced without 
rounding of lips, rather with slight retraction, raising the mid-tongue 
to the palate with slight retraction and dropping the back of the tongue. 
Its vocalic character is weak and to the casual hearer it sounds sim- 
ilar to a mid-palatal r or y. When accented it is lable to be heard 
as ova, as in mit” boy, which is liable to be heard as moyot™”. Many 
words end in -nyi, like Spanish cafion. 
It has been difficult for me to distinguish between a and a in many 
instances. It was difficult, also, to distinguish shadings of o and uw, 
in many words. “Among the vowels,” according to Boas (ibid.), 
“‘o is rather variable. When long, it is generally heard as o%, when 
of middle length as o. Thus I hear héte‘an%i chief, although im 
very careful pronunciation the sound appears as a slightly lip-rounded 
u.”’ According to my ear, some people use an s sound in some words 
while others use a c(sh): e.g., kastotcoma, kactotcoma. One sound in 
Keres might be termed an intermediate r—1; I have rendered this as L, 
as in tcitika, sparrow hawk. In speaking English, many Keres will 
say Therma (Thelma), Porfilio (Porfirio), or Kocairi (Kocaili). 
Glottal stops are indicated by ’ as in ko’ok’*. Strongly aspirated 
sounds are indicated by ‘ as in h‘4-mi. 
English as spoken by Keresan Indians.—A few observations upon 
the way Indians of the Keresan Pueblos speak English may be appro- 
