24. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 184 
Vargas then ordered the Sia to reoccupy their former pueblo, 
‘since the walls are strong and in good condition, and also the nave 
and main altar of the church are in good condition only lacking the 
wooden parts, which I ordered them to cut ....’”’ They replied 
that they had no tools, whereupon Vargas promised to give them 
some. He asked them to repair the church and the convent only, 
“that he was not asking them to build him a house.” They ‘agreed 
to do so, and with the din of their war dances they seemed to be very 
happy and contented’”’ (Espinosa, 1940, p. 177). 
In 1693 Vargas was in Mexico organizing an expedition to colonize 
the Pueblo country. He then ascended the Rio Grande to Sante Fe, 
which he recaptured after bitter fighting. Of the 20-odd pueblos of 
the region “‘only four were the allies of the Spaniards: namely, Pecos, 
and the Keres of Santa Ana, Sia, and San Felipe. . ... The natives of 
the other pueblos had moved to the mountains and barricaded them- 
selves. Those of Santo Domingo and Jemez were on the mesas near 
their respective pueblos, the other Keres on the mesa of La Ciene- 
guilla de Cochiti . . .”’ (Espinosa, 1942, p. 163). By January 
1694, the Sia, Santa Ana, and the San Felipe were ‘‘clamoring to 
Vargas for assistance against the Jemez, the Queres of Santo Do- 
mingo,” and other pueblos (Bandelier, 1892, p. 173). During the 
spring and summer of that year the Sia and Santa Ana fought with 
the Spaniards against the Indians of Jemez and other tribes (Bande- 
lier, 1892, pp. 173 ff.; Espinosa, 1942, pp. 178-80, 185, 188). 
On June 4, 1696, a widespread revolt of the eastern pueblos broke 
out: the Taos, Picuris, Jemez, the Tewa, Tano, and the Keres of 
Santo Domingo and Cochiti, ‘with a fury long kindled,” rose in 
insurrection. They killed 26 Spaniards, including 5 missionaries, 
They burned and desecrated churches, then abandoned their villages 
and fled to the mountains as they had done earlier. The Sia, Santa 
Ana, and San Felipe remained loyal to the Spaniards. Sia and 
Santa Ana were threatened by the Jemez, who had been reinforced 
by some Acoma, Zufii, and Navaho, for siding with the white man. 
Bartolomé de Ojeda, the Indian governor of Sia (in some accounts he 
is mistakenly said to be governor of Santa Ana), wrote to Vargas, tell- 
ing him of their danger and asking him for help. Vargas ordered 
Ojeda to bring the Sia to Santa Fe, and promised him a military 
escort (Espinosa, 1942, pp. 248-249). The Sia did not leave their 
pueblo, however. 
In August 1696, Vargas was ready to take punitive action against 
the rebellious Acoma. He and his party arrived in Sia on August 
10, and made that pueblo a base for his operations. After a 3-day 
siege of Acoma, Vargas returned to Sia, where he rested for a few 
days. When Spanish soldiers entered the pueblo of Jemez, they 
