60 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 184 
domestics in white American households, and some of the older boys 
get odd jobs in the city. Acculturation in such instances is inevitable 
and is accelerated. Extracurricular experiences of this sort have done 
much to pave the way for employment outside the pueblo today 
(1957), which is growing and is coming to be the most important 
single factor in culture change. 
Some pueblo girls learn a great deal in domestic science courses in 
Government boarding schools: about new materials, nutrition, new 
techniques of food preservation, sanitation and hygiene, which they 
take back to their homes and put into practice. I believe that 
this instruction is as influential in bringing about culture change as is 
the academic learning, if not more so. Some instruction in the indus- 
trial arts is offered the boys in boarding schools, but it appears to be 
much less adaptable to pueblo life than the learning acquired by 
the girls. 
Some word should be said about the teachers at the Sia day school 
since it opened in 1885. Most, if not all, of them have been white 
Anglo-American women. None, so far as I know, was accompanied 
by a husband in the pueblo, although some had been married. I have 
known many teachers in pueblo Indian day schools in Arizona and 
New Mexico since 1926. Some have had but little education, have 
been exceedingly ethnocentric, incapable of comprehending or appre- 
clating differences of culture, and have looked down upon the Indian. 
But others have had sympathy and understanding and have devoted 
themselves with zeal and self-sacrifice to the welfare, not only of the 
children in their charge, but of the community as a whole. Miss 
Caroline E. Hosmer was one of these. 
Miss Hosmer went to Sia in September, 1893, and taught there in 
the day school for several years. In 1897 an eye disease broke out 
in the pueblo and reached epidemic proportions. The affected eye 
had “the appearance of having bursted and lost a portion of the 
fluid, others, again, being left with what seems an excrescence or 
fungus growth attached to the pupil. . . . nearly every case attacked 
being left with impaired vision, some with none, and very many losing 
the sight of one eye entirely... .”’ (Rep. Comm. Ind. Aff., 1897, 
p. 200.) (An ophthalmologist, to whom I applied for elucidation, 
suggested that this disease may have been either a severe staphy- 
lococcus infection or a severe dendritic keratitis with secondary 
infection such as staphylococcus, streptococcus, or something else. 
Severe malnutrition, especially a vitamin A deficiency, may have 
been a contributory cause, he said). 
Throughout this epidemic, the Agent goes on to relate, ‘Miss 
Hosmer, herself so badly afflicted as to be totally blind for a few 
days, was physician, nurse, adviser, friend. The almoner of the 
