White] THE PUEBLO OF SIA, NEW MEXICO 89 
have no aversion to this beverage, however, as many oriental peoples 
do. ‘‘The Indians do not like the responsibility for proper care of 
milk stock or milk products,” says a report of the Indian Agency in 
1952, adding that lack of knowledge of proper care and feeding of 
dairy cattle, limited farmland and water for irrigation—making it dif- 
ficult to provide milk cows with sufficient food—help to explain why 
the Sia have so few dairy cattle. 
Sia had only 300 sheep in 1885, according to the report of the Indian 
Agent; in 1930 they had 1,500 (U.S. Senate, 1932, pt. 19, p. 9889). 
This number increased to 2,248 in 1941, the largest number I have 
found, after which it has declined. The average for 6 selected years 
between 1936 and 1951, inclusive, was 1,648 head. But the flocks 
declined sharply from 1,279 in 1951 to only 550 in 1956, for reasons 
unknown to me. ‘There are always some goats in a flock of sheep in 
the Pueblo country. Sia averaged 200 head a year between 1936 and 
1956, inclusive. 
Sia had 10 hogs in 1885 and 5 in 1900, according to reports of Indian 
Agents for those years. In 1930 it had 19 head, and this number had 
approximately doubled by 1951; the annual average for 5 selected 
years, 1941 to 1951, inclusive, was 26 head. The 37 hogs in 1951 were 
owned by 17 families. They were kept in small pens on the edge of 
the pueblo and had to be fed; they could not be allowed to forage 
for themselves because they would destroy gardens. 
Sia has kept chickens and turkeys for many years. The former 
were, of course, introduced; the latter were kept in pre-Spanish days. 
For 6 selected years between 1936 and 1951, there was an average 
of about 224 chickens in the pueblo. The number of turkeys has 
ranged from 5 in 1941 to 18 in 1946, with an average of 10 for 5 se- 
lected years, 1941 to 1951, inclusive. Only one-third to one-half of 
the households own chickens; only 1 to 3 families have turkeys. 
In general, beef cattle have been the most important class of live- 
stock at Sia from the standpoint of money value, with sheep and goats 
next, and horses third. In 1930, percentages of total value of live- 
stock were as follows: cattle, 47; sheep and goats, 40; horses, 12; hogs, 
0.5; and poultry, 0.2. On the basis of data for 1930, 1936, 1941, 1946, 
1948, 1949, and 1951, the following significant changes in percent- 
ages of value took place: cattle declined to 34 percent in 1941, then 
increased to 68 percent in 1951. Sheep and goats fluctuated; they 
reached a high of 48 percent in 1941, then declined to 26 percent in 
1951. Horses advanced to 17.5 percent in 1936, then declined to 
4 percent in 1951, and the percentage has probably diminished further 
since then. Hogs have been erratic and insignificant: in percentage 
of value they advanced to a high of 1.6 in 1948, then declined to 1.4 
