White] THE PUEBLO OF SIA, NEW MEXICO 147 
The Flint society is closely associated with warfare, the Opi, and 
scalps among the Keres in general. At Sia, in the old days, it had a 
ceremony for men going to war and gave them a medicine to sew into 
their clothes to protect them. And, as we have just seen, they treated 
wounds inflicted in combat. Stevenson (1894, pp. 121-123) describes 
the ceremony held in Sia when fresh scalps are brought into the pueblo, 
in which the Flint society takes a prominent part. My informants 
stated that members of the Flint society at Sia are also called nakats 
(scalp) icat! (fat or tallow) opéwi (food) tcaiyanyi; the significance 
of “fat”? and “food” in this connection was not ascertained. 
The Flint society is closely associated with the Koshairi at Santa 
Ana (White, 1942 a, p. 117), San Felipe (Gbid., 1932 b, p. 41), and Santo 
Domingo (ibid., 1935, p. 54); but this is not the case at Sia. Here, 
the association of Flint is with the Shima medicinemen. The connec- 
tion is so close, in fact, that it was not until curing societies and rituals 
had been discussed at great length with informants that the existence 
of Shima was discovered. Early in my inquiry I obtained a list of 
names of the membership of the Flint society; much later I discovered 
that some of these persons were not Flint, but Shima. But the 
intimacy of the association between the two societies, and the pre- 
eminence of the Flint society, are the reasons, we suppose, why in- 
formants identified Shima with Flint and called both by the same 
name. In Stevenson’s day the vicar (the man next to the head) of 
the Flint society was the head and only surviving member of the Ant 
society (Stevenson, 1894, p. 104). 
A good informant stated positively that Flint and Shima each has 
its own altar (atcin), ha’atsi (sand painting), and songs, and that 
they differ in each case. Yet, he said, the two kinds of medicinemen 
always work together in any ceremony. We may question, however, 
whether Shima teaiyanyi exercise all of the functions of Flint, such 
as those pertaining to war, the cacique, and lightning shock. On the 
other hand, the special function of Shima medicinemen is the treat- 
ment of illness caused by ants, and prior to my discovery of the Shima 
I was told that ant sickness was treated by Flint doctors. The 
“badge” of the Shima society consists of feathers taken from beneath 
the tail of the road runner, or chaparral cock, which, of course, dis- 
tinguishes it from the Flint society. 
No English translation of Shima could be obtained. One informant 
stated that Shima shamans are also called Eagle, or Ant. Ant 
medicinemen are called Eagle at Santa Ana, also (White, 1942 a, p. 
117). Stevenson (1894, p. 104) obtained an account of the curing 
ceremony of the Ant society at Sia from its last remaining member. 
In it, the eagle was invoked to eat the ants that had been brought to 
the surface of the body of the sick person. But the curing ceremony 
