154 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 184 
These initiation ceremonies are almost always held between No- 
vember and February, inclusive. The reason for this is that this 
period comes after the fall harvests and before farm work begins in 
the spring. The ceremonies are quite expensive; the candidate’s 
family must provide a considerable quantity of food for the medi- 
cinemen, and this would be most readily available after harvest. 
The Fire society performs weather control ceremonies, both sum- 
mer and winter, and performs the solar ceremonies of hanyiko and 
hanyikikya. 
The Fire society possesses a number of katsina masks (see p. 244). 
The membership of the Fire society has changed but little since 
1941; two male and two female members have died; one new female 
has been added. In 1957 there were four male and six female mem- 
bers. I obtained the names of all members. 
The Fire societies of Sia and Jemez used to assist each other in 
ceremonies, said a Sia informant, “but they had some kind of trouble, 
so now they leave each other alone.”’ 
KAPINA SOCIETY 
Various translations of Kapina have been suggested: “‘good strong 
heart,’’ ‘‘eat too much,” etc. (see White, 1942, a, p. 119, note 44, for 
a summary of data on this point). Stevenson (1894, pp. 39, 69) 
equates kapina with “spider.” According to her account, the Kapina 
society was the first to be organized in the underworld by Utset 
upon instructions from Sussistinnako who, being a spider himself, 
became the head of this society (ibid., p. 69). 
According to my informants, Kapina medicinemen are full-hona- 
wai’aiti, but are qualified for the first two kinds of curing ritual 
only; they do not have heart songs and therefore cannot restore 
stolen hearts. They are occasionally, but not always, asked to partic- 
ipate in the midwinter communal curing ceremony. However, they 
have the wooden slat altar and sand painting and one iariko; only the 
head man has bear leg skins. They are qualified to perform the 
ceremony for the dead. The ‘father’ of Kapina society is Madja’nyi, 
a spirit who lives in the south at Daotyuma. It is Madja’nyi who 
brings the things that Kapina produce magically in midwinter kiva 
ceremonies. He assists, also, sometimes in the Kapina initiation 
ceremony. The badge of Kapina consists of white eagle or turkey 
feathers dyed yellow. 
In a general review of societies, virtually at the end of my study, 
I learned something new about the Kapina society—and possibly 
touched upon something new in ethnographic studies of the Keres. 
I have mentioned the doorkeeper that some, if not all, societies have 
to guard their ceremonial chambers and keep out intruders when 
