162 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 184 
are now kept in the Snake society’s house in the pueblo. Mrs. Ste- 
venson recounts how the ‘‘vicar’’ of the Snake society gave her hus- 
band one of the ceremonial bowls (1894, pp. 90-91); it was taken to 
Washington and deposited in the U.S. National Museum (cf. Powell, 
1892, pp. xxvili—xxix). One of my early informants told me that 
when Jesus Baca Medina was governor of Sia about 1901 or 1902, he 
went to Washington on pueblo business and while there he saw this 
bowl in the Museum. He, along with others, claimed that James 
Stevenson had stolen it, and he tried to get the bowl back from the 
Museum but was unsuccessful. Mrs. Stevenson reports that a meet- 
ing of the Tiamunyi and the heads of the “‘cult societies” had flatly 
refused Mr. Stevenson’s request for one, or both, of the bowls, and 
that as a consequence the vicar of the Snake society gave a bowl 
secretly to Stevenson in the dead of night. A transaction of this 
sort could easily lead to an accusation of theft. 
After the ceremony of initiation has been concluded, the family 
and close relatives of the new member give the members of the soci- 
ety ‘‘all kinds of food—matsinyis, meal, flour, bread, and meat.”’ 
The Snake and Kapina societies are closely associated with each 
other, as I have already noted. The Kapina tcaiyanyi ‘‘work with” 
(take care of?) the snakes during the 4 days of hunting, but they do 
not take part in the hunts. On the fifth day, the Kapinas join the 
Snake tcaiyanyi in the songs, but they do not dance with the snakes. 
The costume of a member of the Snake society is illustrated in fig- 
ure 17. The face is painted with red ocher and sprinkled with stcamun ; 
across it are two horizontal bands of a shiny black paint (but not 
steamun). ‘The torso and upper arms are black. The disk on the 
chest is red. The lower arms and hands and the lower legs and feet 
are red. Yucca leaves, split into narrow strands, are tied around the 
wrists, around the legs below the knees, and the waist. The kilt is 
of white buckskin; jingles, made of rolls of tin (from a tin can), small 
hoofs, or little pieces of flint, depend from the bottom. I understood 
that the horned snake, which is painted on the kilt, might be black and 
white, or its body might be red (in which case it would be ckatowe, 
the snake of the North according to Stevenson, 1894, p. 69) or black 
(in which case it would be k’acBana (the snake of the West). He 
carries a gourd rattle in his right hand; hicami (a pair of eagle wing 
feathers) in the left. 
PUEBLO SNAKE CEREMONIES 
The Hopi “snake dance” has been very widely publicized, but it 
is not generally known that other pueblos also had ceremonies with 
live and poisonous snakes. The earliest published account of the 
Hopi snake ceremony that we know of is that of Tom V. Keam, an 
