184 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 184 
in support of this he cited specific examples. In 1957 I was told that 
a person could (or would) retain his kiva affiliation even though he 
changed his place of residence from one half of the village to the 
other. The War chief may change the kiva affiliation of a person, 
or as many as he likes, in order to equalize the size of the two groups. 
Affiliation with a kiva is not, therefore, a hard and fast matter but 
rather one of convenience and expedience. 
My 1941 data state that the War chiefs were in charge of the kivas 
and that they could change membership in kiva groups. A good 
informant in 1957 said that “‘sicti nawai is direct charge of the kivas.”’ 
But he, too, said that kiva affiliation could be changed by the War 
chief. I do not believe that this necessarily constitutes a contra- 
diction; more likely, I believe, it indicates a division of responsibility 
according to the occasion. 
For a number of years only one group performed in the dance for 
the patron saint on August 15 when there should have been two. 
This was due, the Sia said, to the fact that their population was not 
large enough to muster two groups of sufficient size. But for many 
years they had but one kiva. Whether the people were divided into 
two ceremonial groups, Turquoise and Wren, during this time or not 
I do not know. 
The kiva groups are the only expression of dual organization in Sia- 
CLANS 
When Bourke visited Sia in 1881 he reported that they had the 
following clans: Tortolita [Dove], Bunchi [Tobacco], Oso [Bear], Maiz 
[Corn], Aguila [Eagle], Coyote, Pumpkin [Squash], and Huash-pa 
[Washpa] (Bloom, ed., 1938, p. 220; Bourke, 1890, p. 117. His two 
lists are alike except that Squash appears only on the later one). 
Stevenson (1894, p. 19) listed the following clans as extant in Sia in 
1890: Corn, Coyote, Squash, Tobacco, Bear, and Eagle. She also 
names 15 other clans as having formerly existed but which had become 
extinct. Hodge (1910, p. 563) lists 16 clans as present and 21 as 
extinct. According to my census of the 1950’s, the following clans 
were present: Acoma Corn, Sia Corn, Water, Bear, Tobacco, Ante- 
lope Washpa, Sia Washpa, Cochiti Washpa, and Coyote. 
The correspondence between Bourke’s, Stevenson’s, and my lists 
is very close (table 29); Hodge’s list is virtually without value. Dove 
clan appears only in Bourke’s list. Eagle is in Bourke’s and Steven- 
son’s lists, but not in mine. Stevenson lists Washpa as extinct, 
whereas it is on both Bourke’s and my lists. Washpa, incidentally, — 
has been translated as dance kilt, cactus, buffalograss, ete. I iden- 
tified a specimen of saltbush (Atriplex canescens) as washpa (White, 
1945, pp. 561, 563). 
