White] THE PUEBLO OF SIA, NEW MEXICO 205 
Personal names are not used in social intercourse among close rela- 
tives. For relatives not very close, personal names may be used, but 
only when a kinship term precedes the name. 
CHILD REARING 
My data are meager on the subject of child rearing, in part be- 
cause I had so little opportunity to discuss it with women, and also 
because of limited opportunity for direct observation. A few gen- 
_ eral statements may be set down as having some value, however. 
The cradleboard was still used in the 1950’s, but ‘‘much less than it 
used to be.’”?’ Sometimes the baby is put in the cradleboard for only 
a few hours a day. In older days, the baby was kept in it until 
weaned. The Government doctors and nurses tend to discourage 
the practice (Aberle, 1932, p. 341). 
Mrs. Stevenson was impressed with the expressions of great delight 
with which the baby, whose entry into the world she witnessed, was 
received by every member of the household, young and old alike. J, 
also, have been impressed with the same phenomenon; everyone, with- 
out exception, seems obviously to take great delight in babies and 
young children. I have never seen, or learned of, any indication of 
jealousy on the part of a child toward a younger sibling. On the con- 
trary, children, both boys and girls, love to play with their infant 
siblings and to take care of them. Sometimes little girls hold and 
carry about babies and small children but little smaller than them- 
selves. No amount of pains or patience seems to be too great to 
lavish upon an infant. 
Babies are not permitted to cry unattended; they are picked up and 
cuddled (see also, Aberle, 1932, p. 341). The mother often gives a 
baby her breast if it continues to ery. Children are very rarely 
scolded, although they may be admonished not to do something. 
Whipping or beating is, I believe, unheard of. There is some resort 
to frightening children as a disciplinary measure; we have already seen 
that children are warned not to tread on the roof of the sacred subter- 
ranean chamber, for to do so would cause their feet to become de- 
formed. How extensive this practice is, and what use is made of 
supernatural bogies, I cannot say. 
In Sia, as among other pueblos, the death rate among babies and 
young children has been very high as compared with white popula- 
tions and with pueblo populations of greater ages (Aberle, 1932, pp. 
344-347, for a medical and statistical study of San Juan and Santa 
Clara, which resemble Sia). One reason for this is lack of proper sani- 
tation and hygiene; another is improper feeding. The former custom 
among Sia mothers was to permit their babies to eat anything they 
could chew and swallow, and even to encourage them to eat ‘“grown- 
