238 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 184 
beard—sometimes of black horsehair, sometimes of fine yucca fiber— 
which conceals the bottom of the mask; a few feathers—usually of the 
turkey—are worn on the beard. The masks which cover the head en- 
tirely always have a collar which conceals the juncture of mask with 
neck and shoulders; the collar may be of spruce twigs, fur, feathers, 
or, as in the case of Gomaiyawic, a woven textile. The eyes are fre- 
quently triangular, and when of this shape, they are always black. 
The ears are usually red. Some masks represent, or are named for, 
animals or fowls (duck); some have as names the cry that they utter; 
others have names for which there is no English equivalent. 
The costume of the male katsina dancers is uniform, as far as I know, 
apart from the mask. The torso is nude, but it and the arms may or 
may not be painted. An embroidered cotton dance kilt is worn, tied 
with a woven belt; a foxskin hangs down from the middle of the back. 
A bandoleer of shells, sections of an ear of corn, or yarn is worn over 
the right shoulder to the left side. Blue-green leather armbands, into 
which sprigs of spruce are tucked, are worn around the biceps. Hanks 
of yarn are worn around the legs just below the knees. Moccasins, 
the heels of which are trimmed with black and white skunk fur, com- 
plete the costume. The dancer may carry a gourd rattle, or a prayer- 
stick, in the right hand; a sprig of spruce in the left (see White, 1942 a, 
pp. 224, 235, and Dumarest, 1919, frontispiece, for sketches of katsina 
dancers at Santa Ana and Cochiti, respectively). I shall now list, by 
the societies which own them, the katsina masks found in Sia, and in- 
dicate whether they are line or side dancers. 
KATSINA-GOMAIYAWIC 
A-cuwa. (Fig.29.) There are two kinds: mékate (big) and créyati 
(boys). Each is a line dancer; 12 to 14 come at a time. Big Acuwa 
has a beard of h‘a-dyuny: (fibers of the leaf of Yucca baccata, or soap- 
weed) dyed red, upon which three pairs of medium length turkey tail 
feathers are tied. Croyati Acuwa has a beard of black horsehair and 
eagle feathers; on the crown of his head is a bunch of parrot body 
feathers; on the right side of his head is a parrot tail feather; on the 
left, an eagle tail feather and a tail feather of the road runner; his face 
is blue; a sunflower is painted on his forehead. Croyati Acuwa carries 
a device made of a leather strap to one end of which two feathers from 
underneath an eagle’s wing have been tied; a wa-Bunyi (piece of sea- 
shell, Halioti cracherodit), at the other end; along the strap eagle neck 
feathers are fastened. 
Kotcininako. (Fig. 29.) Twelve or 14 may come with either kind 
of Acuwa. 
Gaiyactactaiya (‘“‘cold feet”). (Fig. 29.) Line dancer; there are 9 
masks; always accompanied by 3 kotcininako. A bunch of parrot body 
