4 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY fBuU. 179 



In brief, Clovis and Scottsbluff projectile points and at least one 

 Folsom point have been observed in local collections of artifacts, 

 testifying to the probability that the Paleo-American Stage is repre- 

 sented in the Caddoan Area. Unfortunately no sites actually oc- 

 cupied by these early peoples have been identified, possibly because 

 most "workers in the area have concentrated on the relatively produc- 

 tive Neo- American sites and have expended little or no effort in 

 searching for earlier material. Dense vegetation and limited erosion, 

 too, tend to reduce the chances of discovering buried occupation 

 zones. Private collections examined by the writer contain a few 

 Paleo-American dart points, almost without exception, although the 

 collectors in many cases had not recognized them as such. The col- 

 lectors generally did not remember where a particular specimen 

 was found, but most of the specimens seem to have been picked up 

 from the surface of Neo-American sites. There is no immediate 

 solution to the question of how these early projectile points came to 

 be at comparatively recent sites. 



ARCHAIC STAGE 



A preceramic Archaic Stage characterized by corner-notched or 

 stemmed dart points and such polished stone implements as celts, 

 grooved axes, bannerstones, and boatstones has been recognized over 

 the Southern States from the Atlantic Ocean to eastern Oklahoma 

 and Texas (Krieger, 1953, p. 259). Archaic sites in the Caddoan 

 Area belong to that tradition, with perhaps some regional and local 

 variations. 



Specific Archaic traits in the Caddoan Area are: Dart points of 

 the types Gary (Newell and Krieger, 1949, pp. 165-166 and fig. 57), 

 Ellis (ibid., pp. 166-167 and figs. 57, 58), Yarbrough (ibid., p. 168 

 and fig. 57), and San Patrice (Webb, 1946, pp. 13-15 and pi. 1) ;* 

 chipped-stone blades, scrapers, drills and choppers ; three-quarter and 

 full-grooved axes, celts, bannerstones, boatstones, pitted stones, manos, 

 and grinding slabs. 



Knowledge of the Archaic is scanty at present, principally because 

 research, for the most part, has been concerned primarily with the 

 relatively abundant Neo-American material and only cursory in- 

 vestigation of preceramic sites has been made. There can be no 

 doubt, however, that the Caddoan Area Archaic is most closely re- 

 lated to the Southeastern Area Archaic rather than to Archaic com- 

 plexes to the west. Gary, Ellis, Yarbrough, and San Patrice points, 

 as well as Albany spokeshaves and other Archaic artifact forms, are 

 frequently found in Neo-American components, which suggests that 



•Author's note. Suhm et al. (1954, p. 150) have Usted the following additional types 

 for the East Texas Aspect : Wells, Kent, Morrill, Trinity, Elam, Carrollton, Edgewood, 

 Darl, Palmillas, Bulverde, Williams, Uvalde, Lange, Lerma, and Ensor. 



