pip. nI^'2iT' TEXARKANA reservoir — ^JELKS 7 



Foci of the Fulton Aspect can be separated into four broad divi- 

 sions on the basis of degree of similarity between foci. One division 

 is composed of the Frankston Focus and its intimately related His- 

 toric counterpart, Allen Focus.^ Both are found between the Trinity 

 and Sabine Rivers, centering in the upper Neches River area, and 

 have been identified with the Hasinai tribes of the early Post-Contact 

 Period and tlieir immediate ancestors. Arrow point type Perdiz and 

 pottery types Poynor Engraved, Bullard Brushed, Maydelle Incised, 

 La Rue Neck Banded, and Killough Pinched are the principal diag- 

 nostics of Frankston Focus. Allen Focus has most of the Frankston 

 Focus pottery types plus an additional type, Patton Engraved, not 

 found in the earlier Frankston Focus. European trade material 

 occurs frequently in Allen Focus, but not in Frankston Focus. 



Although it shares specific types with some of the other foci, Titus 

 Focus is sufficiently different from the others to be placed in a divi- 

 sion by itself. Distinctive artifact types are Talco and Bassett arrow 

 points (the former shared with Fort Coffee, the latter with Tex- 

 arkana. Belcher, and Mid-Ouachita) and pottery types Ripley En- 

 graved, Harleton Appliqued, AVinfield Brushed, Leesburg Neck 

 Banded, and Taylor Engraved (Taylor is also common in Texarkana, 

 McCurtain, Bossier, Belcher, and Mid-Ouachita sites) .* In general, 

 engraved lines tend to be heavy and bold, and several vessel shapes 

 are quite distinctive. 



A third broad division of the Fulton Aspect includes Texarkana, 

 Glendora, McCurtain, Mid-Ouachita, Bossier, and Belcher foci. All 

 are closely related in ceramic types, distinctions between the six foci 

 being based mainly on differences in house types, chipped-stone 

 implements, and in slightly different techniques for applying designs 

 to pottery vessels. There are also variations of the basic motifs and 

 vessel shapes from focus to focus. 



The fourth group of related Fulton Aspect foci consists of Wiley, 

 Fort Coffee, and Turkey Bluff. They are characterized by a curious 

 blend of traits, part of them related to the Plains Area to the west, 

 the others to the Caddoan Area. Traits apparently derived from the 

 Plains Area include a shell-tempered ceramic type, usually plain but 

 sometimes bearing simple incised or punctated decoration, called 

 Nocona Plain south of Red River and Woodward Plain north of 



3 Although belonging to the Historic Stage, the Allen and Glendora Foci can best be 

 reviewed in reference to the Fulton Aspect, the bulk of which fits Into the Neo-American 

 Stage. Therefore Allen and Glendora are Included along with the other Fulton Aspect 

 Foci in the present discussion. 



•AuTHOE's NOTE. Suhm et al. (1954, p. 192) list Ripley Engraved, Taylor Engraved, 

 Bailey Engraved, Wilder Engraved, and Harleton Appliqued as the most characteristic 

 pottery types of Titus Focus, with Glassell Engraved, Belcher Ridged, Belcher Engraved, 

 and Karnack Brushed-Incised present in some sites. Leesburg Neck Banded is incor- 

 porated in type La Rue Neck Banded, and Winfleld Brushed is incorporated in Bullard 

 Brushed. 



