pip. No^'2^lY' TEXARKANA RESERVOIR — ^JELKS 23 



Base: Usually disk shaped, sometimes convex and rounded. 



Vessel shape and size: Occurs only as carinated bowls, with vertical or 

 inwardly inclined rims ranging in height from 5 to 7 cm. There Is a 

 sharp shoulder just below the rim. Below the shoulder the body walls 

 taper to the base, which is usually a small disk. Outline shape is angu- 

 lar, and vessel height is 10 to 20 cm. 

 Decobation : 



Treatment: Engraving. 



Design: Decoration is confined to the rim. There are usually two or three 

 parallel, horizontal lines just below the lip, under which lie the princi- 

 pal designs of engraved bands and lines arranged in rectilinear and over- 

 lapping step patterns. The bands consist of parallel lines, the spaces 

 between them filled in with hatching, crosshatching, or lines of engraved 

 punctates. Ticked and spurred lines are common. Lines are often filled 

 with white pigment, but red pigment is absent or extremely rare. 

 Ctxltixral affiliations : Indigenous type of Texarkana Focus ; does not seem 

 to have survived into the Historic Glendora Focus nor to be present as a 

 resident type in any other focus with the possible exception of Belcher Focus. 

 Distribution : 



Geographical: Small area in northeastern Texas and adjacent corners of 

 Louisiana and Arkansas. Apparently absent in Oklahoma. 



Temporal: Estimated, A.D. 1200-1600. 

 Remarks : 



Very similar in design and execution to Taylor Engraved of the Belcher 

 Focus, and Friendship Engraved of the Mid-Ouachita Focus. Taylor dif- 

 fers from Barkman in having the decorations divided into four separate 

 panels whereas Barkman has a continuous design around the rim. Also, 

 Taylor seldom, if ever, has a disk-shaped base. Friendship bowls gener- 

 ally have more hachured area than Barkman and tend more toward 

 curvilinear designs and emphasis of negative elements. Despite these 

 differences, the similarity between Barkman, Taylor, and Friendship is 

 striking. 



Barkman bears close resemblances also to types Simms Engraved (Tex- 

 arkana and Glendora Foci) and Belcher Engraved (Belcher Focus) in 

 paste and decorative techniques. Certain design motifs are almost iden- 

 tical in the three types, differentiation being based primarily on vessel 

 shape and differences in distribution. 

 Bibliogeapht : Krieger, 1946, p. 230, and fig. 18. 



Simms Engraved 



Paste: Same as for Barkman Engraved, except that red filming and shell 



tempering occur occasionally. 

 Fosm: 



Wall thickness: 4 to 7 mm. 

 Lip: Sharply convex. 

 Base: Convex or disk shaped. 



Vessel shape and size: Occurs only as carinated bowls. Rims are very 

 narrow and turn inward at unusually sharp angles, with many curving 

 outward again just below the lip. Below the rim, the walls may curve 

 evenly across the bottom to form a convex base, or curve gently to a 

 flat, disk-shaped base. Most specimens are 6 to 10 cm. high, but one 

 extreme example measured 21 cm. Oral diameter is generally greater 

 than vessel height. 



