pip. No^'2lT' TEXARKANA RESERVOIR — JELKS 33 



slightly convex and fairly sharp. Maximum thickness is 2.3 cm. 

 and overall length is 7.3 cm. Many similar specimens have been 

 fomid in the Caddoan Area, most of them, however, larger than the 

 one described here. 



Boatstone. — ^A piece of what seems to have been a keeled boatstone 

 is made of a soft, gray marl (pi. 13, h). It was elongated, with 

 parallel or slightly convex sides and rounded ends. The keel is 

 1.2 cm. wide. Deep scratches on the under side appear to represent 

 initial efforts to hollow out a depression ; that the hollowing out was 

 not completed may indicate that the piece was discarded before 

 completion — perhaps due to accidental breakage. Overall length of 

 the whole specimen must have been approximately 6 cm. Maximum 

 width is 3 cm. and the height, from base to highest portion of keel, 

 is 1.9 cm. 



MISCELLANEOUS STONE SPECIMENS 



In addition to the three pitted manos mentioned above, there are 

 seven other pitted stones. The stones are irregular and unshaped, 

 ranging in weight from 1 to 5 pounds. The pits are on one or more 

 faces of the stones, there usually being one pit to a face although 

 there are two closely spaced pits in one instance. The pits are 

 roughly circular, 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, and from 1 mm. to 1 cm. in 

 depth. Use of the pitted stones is strictly conjectural, but it has 

 been suggested that they may have been used as anvils for chipping 

 stone implements or for cracking nuts. 



One small quartz crystal was probably a charm. Quartz crystals 

 occur commonly in Caddoan Area sites, probably having been ob- 

 tained in the Ozarks. 



BONE 



Awls. — There are two sharpened bone implements possibly used 

 as awls. One (pi. 14, ^) is a long, curved fishbone with a polished 

 distal end indicating considerable usage. Length, measured along 

 the curve, is 12.5 cm. The other possible awl (pi. 14, A) is fashioned 

 from a long bone of a deer and is 14.6 cm. in length. Scratches and 

 polish on the sharpened distal end indicate much use; the proximal 

 end is unmodified. 



Flaking implements. — Two bhmt-tipped implements (pi. 14, /), 

 apparently used for pressure flaking of stone, were found. Both are 

 made of deer ulnas, one a right ulna, the other a left one. In manu- 

 facturing flaking implements of this sort, the distal few inches of 

 the ulna was cut off and discarded, and the tip of the remaining 

 portion was worked to a convex edge, sometimes beveled from one 

 face. The articular area of the ulna and the olecranon, left un- 

 changed, provide a convenient grip for grasping the implement. 

 Overall length of the one complete specimen from Knight's Bluff 

 is 12 cm. 



