pip. No!'2lT' McNARY RESERVOIR — SHINER 189 



that had been drilled for suspension but had not been finished. The 

 second was a carefully made steatite tubular pipe. It was bell shaped 

 with a short stem that had a small flanged mouthpiece. A nearly 

 identical specimen foimd at site 45-BN-3 is shown in plate 43, 5. 



Bone tools were relatively scarce. Since large numbers of animal 

 bones were recovered at all levels, preservation is probably not a 

 factor. Those tools that were recovered were for the most part crude 

 and showed that little attention had been paid to their preparation. 

 They included a tip of a broken flaking tool and the tip of an antler 

 tine that may have been used for the same purpose. Two slender tips 

 of splinter awls had been ground to fairly sharp points but received 

 little treatment along the shaft. One bone bead, apparently from the 

 leg bone of a large bird, was nearly identical in size and shape to one 

 recovered beneath the volcanic ash at the Hat Creek site. It was 1.9 

 cm. long and 0.6 cm. in diameter. Another bird leg bone had been 

 girdled for breaking but had split during the operation. 



The only specimen of marine shell found was a bead of OUvella 

 hiplicata with the tip ground off so that it could be strmig. It was 

 probably associated with the later part of the occupation of the site, 

 and represents the earliest occurrence of seashell in the McNary region 

 that has been recognized. 



One of the most miusual artifacts found at the Cold Springs site 

 was a bone projectile point. It had been carved in such a way that 

 it appeared to have been chipped from stone. Its size and shape were 

 identical with several of the side-notched projectile points, and had it 

 not been for its light weight, it could easily have been mistaken for a 

 stone projectile point. 



Here and there about the Cold Springs site were evidences of a late 

 occupation. The materials associated with it — large glass heads and 

 rolled copper tubing — were indicative of a post-European contact 

 period. The type of bead found here is not the earliest kind that was 

 traded into the area, and is believed to be of the historic period. The 

 material culture of the Cold Springs site, excluding this late occupa- 

 tion, is typologicaliy earlier than that of two other sites, 35-UM-17 

 (Techumtas Island) and 4:5-BN-53. These last two in turn, judging 

 from trade goods, are earlier than the last occupation of the Cold 

 Springs site. 



What is indicated, then, is an abandonment of the Cold Springs site 

 and a later superficial reoccupation. Several houses, Nos. 6, 7, and 14, 

 were apparently cleaned out and reoccupied. Besides the glass and 

 copper several new artifact types came into the picture. Projectile 

 points associated with this occupation were small and thin, averaging 

 between 20 and 25 mm. in length. Three specimens were side notched. 



