pS ^o' 2^3T McNARY reservoir — SHINER 195 



could be found, although the depressions clearly were the remains of 

 dwellings. 



The houses of the Techumtas Island site were slightly smaller than 

 those at Cold Springs ; the latter averaged 30 feet by 28 feet, and the 

 Techumtas Island houses averaged 28 feet by 26 feet. At both sites 

 the longer axis of the house normally was parallel to the river. Fur- 

 thermore, at both sites there was a dual division of the village into 

 two parts with the smaller group at the upstream end of the site. 

 Naturally, it was disappointing not to recover information on the type 

 or types of superstructures employed at the site, but such data were 

 not to be fomid. It is almost certain that the superstructures were of 

 light flimsy materials such as poles and mats. 



The midden trash at the Techumtas Island site was thin and un- 

 evenly distributed. It would appear that since the occupation was 

 a relatively short one, trash had not accumulated to any extent on 

 the terrace. The over-the-bank dump, being subject to stream ero- 

 sion, was not permitted to accumulate. However, the heavier arti- 

 facts were not readily swept away, and some collections were made on 

 the surface of the bank immediately below the house pits. These 

 will be treated in the discussion of material culture. 



MATERIAL CULTURE 



It was hoped that significant differences could be found between 

 the artifact collections associated with the two floor levels in house 

 pit 14. Unfortunately, they were not apparent. The lower floor 

 had 12 artifacts associated with it, and 6 of these were unaltered 

 spalls that had probably been used for cutting and scraping. Also 

 found at this level were a small cobble chopper, two crude flake 

 scrapers, and a notched net sinker. 



On the upper or most recent floor, 22 artifacts were recovered. Six 

 of them were unaltered spall flakes, and eight others were crude flake 

 scrapers. Only two of the scrapers had been prepared for use; the 

 others were primary flakes. Four projectile points came from the 

 upper floor (pi. 37, a). Three of them were side notched with con- 

 cave bases and averaged 20 mm. in length. The fourth, simply tri- 

 angular with a straight base, was 31 mm. long. There were also 

 three complete bone awls on or near the floor, each awl a different 

 type (pi. 37, a) . One was made from a long bone of deer. It tapered 

 slightly, and had a conical point much like that of a sharpened pencil. 

 Another was made of a scapula spine, probably of deer, and was 

 similarly pointed. The third, much smaller, was made from a deer 

 fibula, and tapered smoothly to a point. The first awl described above 

 was finished along the shaft and had a small hole about 3 mm. in 



