210 BUREAU OF AMERICAN E,THNOLOGY [Bull. 179 



den seems to prove that it was not a permanent village in 1806 and 

 thereafter. 



In 1812, Eobert Stuart mentioned the Walla Walla Kiver. "On 

 this stream and its neighborhood live the nation from whom it derives 

 its name" (Rollins, 1935, p. 62) . Stuart, however, did not specifically 

 mention the mouth of the Walla Walla. 



Fort Nez Perce (later called Fort Walla Walla) was built in 1818 

 on the east bank of the Columbia River about 500 yards north of the 

 Wallula site. It was a trading post surrounded by a stockade and 

 protected by a company of armed men. Some years after he was in 

 command of Fort Nez Perce, Alexander Ross wrote an excellent ac- 

 count of life at the post. He tells that by 1818 the Indians had guns 

 and horses, iron knives, and all sorts of trade goods. Most of these 

 had been acquired after 1805, for Lewis had reported the Indians to 

 be terrified at the sound of a gunshot. Ross mentioned that the nearby 

 territory belonged to the Cayuse and the Walla Walla tribes, but he 

 did not mention a permanent village at the mouth of the Walla Walla 

 River. 



By 1818, the Indians were probably using part of the Wallula site 

 as a burial ground. The beads found in the graves are of bright- 

 colored porcelain, and are identical with beads found in the excavation 

 of Fort Walla Walla by the National Park Service (Cay wood, 1951, 

 personal communication). In view of the evidence cited earlier from 

 Lewis and Clark, it would seem that the bodies were interred some 

 15 years after the site was no longer being occupied. 



SITE 45-BN-3 (BERRIAN'S ISLAND) 



Site 45-BN-3, on Berrian's Island, was about 5 miles east of McNary 

 Dam and opposite a point equidistant between 35-UM-3 and 35-UM-5. 

 Berrian's Island was separated from the north bank of the river by 

 a narrow channel, and the site was located at the downstream end of 

 the island facing the main channel on the river. The site was used 

 for both habitation and burial, the latter being the most important use 

 as judged on the basis of few signs of habitations and many burials. 



ARCHITECTURE 



The owner of the property on which the site was located reported 

 that there had been three or four house pits on a slight ridge just 

 north of the burial area. However, during the spring flood of 1948, 

 these pits were washed away or covered up. Test pits in that vicinity 

 failed to uncover any sign of houses. Occupational debris was found 

 on the western side of the burial area, but no houses were detected. 



