pip. No*!' 23"/' McNARY RESERVOIR — SHINEB 211 



MATERIAL CULTURE 



The archeology of the site had been reported in detail by Douglas 

 Osborne, who was in charge of the excavation. The present discus- 

 sion, therefore, will be limited to such a description of the material 

 culture as reported by Osborne ^ and by use of field notes. 



Some trenching was done in the thm midden area east of the main 

 burial area, but little was found beyond a few glass and copper beads. 

 The bulk of the artifacts came from the graves themselves, which 

 were 52 in number. 



A comparison of the artifacts from the graves at 45-BN-3 with 

 those of other sites is difficult because of the difference in quality 

 of the artifacts lost or discarded, and those used as burial furniture. 

 The fine carved stone and bone, as well as most of the ornaments, 

 usually found their way into graves. Crude stone tools such as ham- 

 mers, choppers, and net weights were seldom fomid in the graves, 

 but were very common in the midden trash. There was a little over- 

 lap in chipped-stone artifacts, and occasionally broken fragments of 

 the better made artifacts were recovered in trash. 



The projectile points from the graves were mainly of two general 

 types, side notched and barbed (pi. 42, a). These points were very 

 similar to those found in the late occupation at Cold Springs, at 

 Techmntas Island, and the Wallula site. They were small, thin, and 

 well made. Another tj^e of blade, considerably larger, may have 

 served as a projectile point or as a knife. This type graded from a 

 simple triangular outline to that of a lozenge with a flat base. 

 ^Vhereas the small points, the notched and barbed type, varied 

 around 2.5 cm. in length, the triangular blades varied around 4.0 

 cm. in length. 



Several large knives were found (pi. 42, a). Five or six of them 

 were between 5 and 7 inches long (12.5 to 17.5 cm.), and were in 

 the form of a long slender triangle. The material (tabular petrified 

 wood) and the workmanship were practically identical to that of the 

 triangular blades described above. A few blades, about half a dozen, 

 were leaf shaped with flat or rounded bases. Some of the larger 

 blades were found with remnants of wooden handles still in place. 

 Nearly all of the larger blades were made of petrified wood, while 

 jasper, obsidian, and some petrified wood were used in making the 

 small projectile points. 



Three types of drill bits were used. A small one, of chipped stone, 

 was pointed at both ends. Another type, long and slender, had a 

 slight expansion at the base. A third was of the "key" type which 

 was described for the Wallula site. 



' Stee footnote 3, p. 164. 



