pip. N^o^; 2^3T McNARY RESERVOIR — SHINER 213 



all over. They were round in cross section and tapered smoothly to 

 a point. Classifying these three as awls is only a presumption, for 

 they may have been hair ornaments. One or two bone tools had been 

 used as flakers and were partially smoothed along the shaft. Other 

 bones, principally the leg bones of large birds, had been cut off into 

 cylindrical sections for use as beads. They were of many sizes but 

 averaged around 3.0 cm. in length and less than 1.0 cm. in diameter. 

 Beads made from the hollow leg bones of birds were found at Hat 

 Creek and Cold Springs and are considered typical ornaments in 

 the region. 



This brief description of the material culture covers those types of 

 artifacts that have been found and described for the other McNary 

 sites up to this point. The series of artifacts to be described next are 

 typical of the burials at 45-BN-3, but are types that were not found 

 in the other sites. It should be clearly understood that these are not 

 necessarily unique at 45-BN-3, but were recovered there only because 

 that site was a burial area. The same artifacts were probably part 

 of the material culture assemblage at the AVallula site and other con- 

 temporary sites, but were not lost or discarded in the trash ; at least 

 they were not recovered in the excavations. 



Several polished stone blades that were found in graves are be- 

 lieved to be celts or adz blades (pi. 43, h). They are flat and thin 

 with the edges beveled from one or both sides. The material is a very 

 dense nephrite which is greenish black in color. Excellent workman- 

 ship is exhibited in these tools, for the surfaces and beveled edges are 

 well polished. In size these tools vary from 2 inches (5 cm.) in length 

 and iy2 inches (4 cm.) in width, to 5 inches (14 cm.) in length and 

 2 inches (5 cm.) in width. Polished stone celts like these, without a 

 hole or groove for haf ting, have been found all along the Columbia 

 River by collectors. A few of these were found during the acheologi- 

 cal survey. 



Other pieces of carved stone included a steatite ball about 4 cm. in 

 diameter with a hole drilled through it (pi. 43, h, left center). It 

 may have been an ornament, but it would have been a very heavy one 

 to wear. Small disk beads were carved from steatite and had a single 

 hole drilled through the center (pi. 15, third from the left). They 

 were about 1 to 2 cm. in diameter. A spoon made of soapstone was 

 made in effigy of a seashell {Glycymeris sp.), and the hinge served 

 as the handle. A pendant, also of steatite, was made from the flanged 

 mouthpiece of a tubular pipe. Apparently the pipe had been accidently 

 broken, and the mouthpiece had been reworked into an ornament. 



A new kind of fetish was found with the Berrian's Island burials. 

 It was carved and polished from a piece of tabular slate (pi. 43, &, 



