pip. n'o!' 2lT' McNARY RESERVOIR — SHINER 215 



organization. Both the teeth and the claws of bears and wolves were 

 used for ornaments. 



Most of the shell at 45-BN-3 was of marine origin, and all of it was 

 ornamental (pi. 45, center). Whole shells of the Olivella hiplacata 

 were strung into necklaces. Half shells of Glycymeris sp. were 

 pierced at the hinge and worn as necklaces or bracelets. Dentalium 

 sp. was strung whole or cut into sections, and some of the shells were 

 incised. Disk beads were cut from various unidentified marine shells. 

 Most of the shell pendants were made of Hdliotis (abalone), cut into 

 various shapes, and usually pierced for suspension. Apparently the 

 only nonmarine shells used were those of the river mussel {Margarit- 

 afera), which were occasionally made into pendants but were gen- 

 erally too fragile for beads. All in all, shells were among the most 

 numerous of objects recovered at the site. 



In the case of many of the artifacts described earlier there may be 

 some question as to use, but most of the ornaments were found in situ ; 

 that is, in association and positions that made their identification con- 

 clusive The burials were carefully excavated and the position of arti- 

 facts most carefully noted. 



Vast quantities of trade goods of European origin were found in and 

 around the burials. After good statistical samples of the glass beads 

 were taken, no special effort was made to recover them all ; they existed 

 by tens of thousands (pi. 45, right). Since the glass beads were dis- 

 cussed earlier, no further mention need be made. 



Nearly all the metal recovered was of rolled sheet copper, and was 

 in the form of tubular beads or flat pendants (pi. 45, second from 

 right). The copper was not all of the same gage, but every piece 

 examined by metallurgists turned out to be of European manufacture. 

 The beads were usually 4 to 5 mm. in diameter and from 1 to 7 cm. 

 long. All sizes and shapes of pendants were found with various dec- 

 orative holes and knobs punched into the metal. 



Iron was apparently well known, but most of it was badly deteri- 

 orated. Identification was possible on a few knives, arrow points, 

 and bracelets. Many other bits of iron were too rusted for classi- 

 fication. Several metal buttons that were found appear to have been 

 from (or for use on) military uniforms. They were of brass, and 

 were either flat or hemispherical. Other metal objects included a brass 

 thimble, bits of silver, and fragments of pewter. 



BUKIAL CUSTOMS 



Some of the gTaves were simple interments, others were in a plank- 

 lined cist (pi. 44, a). The latter form is interesting. Apparently, 

 the grave was dug and the mat- wrapped body deposited in it. After- 

 ward the grave was lined with upright cedar planks about 4 inches 



