226 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BnU. 179 



pations of Techmntas Island and 45-BN-53 the first glass trade beads 

 may have filtered into the region, probably well ahead of actual 

 European penetration. 



Farther upstream, the Wallula site seems to have been contem- 

 poraneous with the two villages just described. There is reason to 

 believe that the village at the mouth of the Walla Walla River lasted 

 longer, possibly until about A.D. 1800. The material culture there 

 shows no significant change from the assemblage given for sites 45- 

 BN-SS and 35-UM-17, There were some artifacts found at the Wal- 

 lula site that were not found at the other two. These differences, 

 however, are slight and most of them are probably due to chance 

 recovery. The large stone adzes or hoes and the stone bowls may be 

 of more recent vintage than the artifact assemblages of sites 45- 

 BN-53 and 35-UM-17. A stone adz was associated with the very 

 late occupation of Cold Springs terrace, and a stone bowl was found 

 at 45-BN-6, a site of the historic period. Chipped-stone fetishes and 

 stone mallets were not found at the Wallula site; they should have 

 been, for these artifacts existed both earlier and later than the occu- 

 pation of the Wallula site. 



At Wallula there was no apparent shift in economic pursuits ex- 

 cept for evidence of more fish being caught. The large number of 

 projectile points and the quantity of animal bones attested that hunt- 

 ing was still important. Shellfish were still used but in small numbers, 

 as they were at 45-BN-53 and Techumtas Island. Since no trace 

 of architecture was found at Wallula, nothing can be said of it. 



The burial site, 45-BN-3 (Berrian's Island), dates from approxi- 

 mately the same period as does the Wallula site. The elaborate col- 

 lection of burial furniture included a number of artifacts that had not 

 been found in earlier sites. These were : 



Antler digging-stick handles 



Bone fleshers 



Carved fetishes 



Long triangular knives 



Sandstone shaft smoothers 



Marine shells in great quantity 



Teeth and claws as ornaments 



Of the group the antler digging-stick handles and the carved slate 

 fetishes seem more likely to be new additions, but without earlier 

 graves it is not possible to be sure. One thing is certain : with the 

 appearance of trade goods in quantity, the old ornaments and tools 

 were not replaced but only supplemented. Practically all the artifacts 

 that were made earlier were retained, with the result that iron and 

 stone knives were found in the same grave, and both glass and shell 

 beads were strung on the same necklace. 



