240 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 179 



described for The Dalles region are very similar in material and work- 

 manship to the McNary celts. Apparently, however, they were used 

 in some other manner. Strong did not list chipped-stone fetishes for 

 the region, but the writer found them in two sites including one site 

 tested by Strong,' 



HOBO CAVE 



This deep stratified cave is situated on the south bank of the Colum- 

 bia Eiver, about 35 miles east of The Dalles and about 5 or 6 miles east 

 of the John Day River. It was excavated in 1950 by the University of 

 Oregon, under the supervision of the writer. The cave deposit, with 

 a maximum depth of 9 feet, showed almost continuous occupation. A 

 local sequence, at least for projectile points, was developed, and is the 

 only sequence in the entire Plateau available for comparison with 

 that of the McNary region. 



Briefly stated, there were three distinct levels, each characterized 

 by diagnostic projectile points. The top level (0 to 0.88 m. below the 

 surface) yielded 58 projectile points, nearly all of them small and 

 corner notched (average length 25 m.) . They were practically identi- 

 cal with points from Wallula (45-WW-6) and contemporary sites in 

 the McNary region. The exception is that there were no side-notched 

 points recovered in Hobo Cave. 



The second level (0.88 to 1.65 m. below the surface) was charac- 

 terized by larger points (average length 38 mm.) . Of 35 points recov- 

 ered in this level, 31 were corner notched, and most of them had 

 straight bases. The size difference between the points of the first and 

 second levels is clearly shown in plate 46. There is an interesting 

 parallel with the situation in the McNary, for in both places the small 

 points are preceded by a point type that was half again as large. Al- 

 though all of the McNary points (from Cold Springs) were side 

 notched and nearly all of the second-level points in Hobo Cave were 

 corner notched, the trend is the same. 



Between 1.65 m. and 1.70 m. there was a stratum of sterile sand in 

 Hobo Cave. It stood in sharp contrast to the rest of the cave fill, 

 which is composed of silt, charcoal, ashes, and occupational debris. 

 Beneath the sand was a third cultural level that was characterized by 

 projectile points with shoulders, but no notches or barbs (see pi. 46, a, 

 third row from top) . Only 12 projectile points were recovered in the 

 third level. Ten of these were shouldered points (average length 41 

 mm.), one was a basal fragment of a leaf -shaped blade, and the other 

 was a corner-notched point which was typical of the second level. A 

 comparison between these projectile points and those of the McNary 



» strong et al., 1930, p. 20. This was Strong'8 site 14. In 1952, Shiner recovered 65 

 chipped-stone fetishes among some 1,300 artifacts from the site. 



