260 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 179 



specialized fishing tools began to be made, and a suitable house type 

 was constructed. From that time, up to about 1800, and the appear- 

 ance of Europeans, the material culture became more diversified and 

 complicated. Highly specialized tools, houses, fishing apparatus, and 

 burial procedures were adopted. European tools and ornaments did 

 not immediately replace those of the Indians, but after 1805 no new 

 aboriginal innovations appeared. Elaborate stone carving was prob- 

 ably a late development elsewhere in the Plateau, but it never became 

 popular in the McNary region. 



The local sequence in the McNary region, even though dates are 

 not available, shows a gradual development from simple to complex. 

 Although there seemed to be two horizons in which a number of new 

 artifacts appeared, at Cold Springs and again at the beginning of the 

 late prehistoric period, there is no reason to believe that cultural 

 changes of a revolutionary nature took place. There is no evidence 

 of a migration or of a new culture appearing on the scene. The per- 

 sistence of old artifact types and the gradual acquisition of new ones 

 tend to confirm a local development of culture. 



Turning to the Plateau in general, it was found that only for the 

 late prehistoric period, was there comparable material culture. Archi- 

 tecture could not be treated, for house remains had not been excavated 

 in other regions. Material culture trait lists, comparing other regions 

 of the Plateau with the McNary region, found much in common in 

 every case. Not only were the artifacts of nearby sites similar, but 

 also those of British Columbia, 350 miles away. Close approximation 

 in simple generalized artifacts might be expected, whatever the cul- 

 tural situation. A wide distribution of complex and specialized arti- 

 facts, however, requires some explanation. The following lists give 

 specialized and unspecialized artifacts that are more or less typical 

 of the Plateau during the late preliistoric period. Not every type is 

 typical of every region, however. 



Oeneralized Artifacts Specialized Artifacts 



Cobble hammers Grooved net weights 



Cobble choppers Notched net weights 



Lap stones Discoid choppers 



Stone bowls Shaft smoothers 



Side-notched points Lozenge blades 



Leaf-shaped blades Polished celts 



Shouldered points Mallets 



Corner-notched points Hoes 



Polished pestles Tubular pipes 



Spall knives Fish spear tines 



End scrapers Digging stick handles 



Splinter awls Horn wedges 



Polished awls Bone dice 



Bone beads Bone whistles 

 Marine shells 



