pip. ?fot 2^4T SHEEP ISLAND — OSBORNE, BRYAN, CRABTREE 287 



and numerous small ones, indicate occasional rough use. It is thouglit 

 that these pestles were used with wood mortars and with flat stone 

 mortar bases such as the surface find (pi. 54, a?) possibly fitted with 

 basketry hoppers. Spinden (1908, p. 187, pi. VI, 18) and others 

 record this trait for the Nez Perce and other Plateau groups. 



Bm'ial 15, an adult male, is unusual in that the associated artifacts 

 were a few scraps of dentalium, a garnish usually reserved for burials 

 of the very yomig. 



Burial 17 is of interest not only because of his mifortmiate death 

 but because of the associated artifacts. Nine pomts were presumably 

 shot into the lower torso of tliis male. One of them, shot from the 

 right, and slightly from the rear and above, penetrated the depth 

 of the point into the body of a central lumbar vertebra. Eight of 

 the points, including the one in the bone, are illustrated in plate 

 50, h. The points ai-e typologically a miit. Although there may 

 have been a subdistinction between such items as /78 and /75, with 

 its deeper notches and longer barbs, it is likely that individual dif- 

 ferences in chipping techniques, or material, are the true explana- 

 tions. The barbs of /81 have been broken from the piece. It is 

 obvious that these points are also typologically the same as the 

 series illustrated in plate, 55 a, /84, /105, /108 a-d. Although such 

 points occur among the later classic Columbia "jewel points" with 

 their deep comer or basal notches, raking barbs, and perfected chip- 

 ping, it has so far appeared to be true that they are alone in the 

 earlier sites. Whether they may be looked upon as a prototype of 

 the later points, or a completely independent, but very similar, albeit 

 more crude, type remains to be seen ; presumably they are the former. 

 It is of interest that basalt points of this type were in use at Sheep 

 Island in the later cremation times, yet that these points of the same 

 type, shot into the earlier burial, were all cryptocrystallines. Basalt 

 chipped work has, as was stated, been taking its place as generally 

 archaic in the area. The simple, perhaps too simple, explanation for 

 this situation would be that burial 17 was killed by a neighboring 

 group, specializing in the cryptocrystallines, while the conservatives 

 in the region of Sheep Island, although they partook of the same 

 cultural traditions, still clung to basalt as the proper stone for points. 

 Concentrations of basalt chips were found with the burial. They 

 may or may not have been buried with him. 



Again, on a wholly tentative basis, without an adequate knowledge 

 of vertical or horizontal or cultural distribution, but firm in the 

 conviction that things must start sometime, and it may as well be 

 now, we are going to name the type. The name proposed here is 

 Wallula Eectangular-Stemmed. The data that we have appear in 

 Appendix 1. 



