306 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 179 



MIDDLE COLUMBIA BASAL-NOTCHED 



(PI. 56, middle row) 



Outline: Triangular. 



Cross section: Lens. 



Edges: Straight — concave. 



Base: Straight or convex, with comer or basal notches. 



Lengths: Approximately 1.3 cin.-2.0 cm. 



Widths: Approximately 2.2 cm.-1.3 cm. 



Thickness: 0.2 cm.-0.5 cm. 



L-W indices: 37-74. 



Weight: 0.6 gm.-2.7 gm. 



Technique: Very fine pressure flaking, uniface forms rare. 



Material: Chalcedonies and jaspers heavily favored. 



Function: Projectile point, certainly with bow and arrow. 



Geographical range: Upper Columbia (Collier, Hudson, and Ford, 1942, pi. Ill, 

 t, V, x) ; Chief Joseph (Osborne, Crabtree, and Bryan, 1952, fig. 110, k, u) ; 

 Upper Coulee (Mills and Osborne, 1952, fig. 107, p, q, ic, aa, 66) ; Dalles-Des- 

 chutes (Strong, Schenck, and Steward, 1930, pis. 14, h-m, 15, o-z) ; Pot Hole 

 site 49 specimens, used as basis for this description — of these 23 had concave 

 edges. 



Temporal range: A fairly late type in its classic form becoming more distinc- 

 tive in the latest sites. 



Remarks: In some series it is difficult to differentiate this type from the Wallula 

 Rectangular-Stemmed, at least the slightly variant forms, and as has been 

 suggested, this presumably indicates historical relationship. 



COLUMBIA MULE EAR, KNIFE 



(PI. 56, lottom row) 



Outline: Triangular. 



Cross section: Ijens. 



Edges: Straight, concave, convex. 



Base: Concave, tending to an oblique angle. 



Length: Approximately 4.0 cm.-7.0 cm. 



Width: Approximately 4.0 cm.-5.0 cm. 



Thickness: 0.5 cm.-0.8 cm. 



L-W indices: 60-100. 



Weight: 10 gm.-18 gm. 



Technique: Pressure flaking for the final shaping, percussion for the roughing 



out of the piece; this is evident inasmuch as two specimens (of three) are 



semi-unifaced. 

 Material: Jaspers and chalcedonies. 

 Function: Presumably a knife, all specimens found with adhering haft remnants 



were knives. 

 Geographical range: A specimen from Pot Holes (WSM-9319) ; 2 from 45-BN-55 ; 



11 noted in Dalles-Deschutes report, in which 2 are illustrated, called NBb 



(Strong, Schenck, and Steward, 1930, pi. 12, j-k). None evident in Upper 



Columbia. 

 Temporal range: Protohistoric or Early historic at Pot Holes, Prehistoric 



(late?) at BN-55. 

 Remarks: This may be a type related to the Pentagonal forms. Relationship, 



if any, to the long, leaf-shaped concave-based points, as at Pot Holes, not 



yet determined. 



