16 



BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



[bull. 32 





126 FEET 

 Fig. 3.— Ground plan of Navahu. 



No. 4. NavaM. — In the second valley south of the great pueblo 

 and cliff-village of Puy*'? is a small pueblo ruin known to the Tewa 

 Indians as Navahu, this being, as they claim, the original name of the 

 village. This particular pueblo was well situated for agriculture, 

 there being a considerable acreage of tillable land near by, far more 



than this small population would have util- 

 ized. The old trail across the neck of the 

 mesa to the north is worn hip-deep in the 

 rock by the attrition of human feet, showing 

 constant long-continued use. I infer that 

 here were the fields not only of the people of 

 Navahu, but also of the more populous set- 

 tlements beyond the great mesa'to the north, 

 where tillable land is wanting. The Tewa 

 Indians assert that the name Navahu re- 

 fers to the large area of cultivated lands. This suggests an identity 

 with Navajo, which Fray Alonso de Benavides, in his Memorial on 

 New Mexico published in 1630, says signifies "great planted fields." 

 The pueblo is reduced to a mound (sketch plan, fig. 3).« 



No. 5. Pininicangwi ("place of the corn-flour" ). — This is a pueblo 

 considerably smaller than Navahii, situated in the same valley about 

 a mile and a half farther from the mountains. It was built in the 

 form of a complete quadrangle with a single opening on the east side 

 (sketch plan, fig. 4). There was a kiva in the 

 southeast corner of the court. The village was 

 situated on a rounded knoll about 100 yards 

 south of the arroyo. 



No. 6. Chupadero. — This does not refer to 

 any single site, but to a number of cliff- 

 villages grouped within and about the Chupa- 

 dero canyon. Here is a great network of 

 deep gorges affording exceptional facilities for 

 retreat from enemies. There is no pueblo ruin 

 of any considerable magnitude in this sec- 

 tion and the cliff-dwellings, numbering many 

 hundreds, are of a quite temporary character. 

 No. 7. Perage. — This ruin is not on the 

 plateau. It is situated on level ground in the valley a few rods from 

 the west bank of the Rio Grande and a mile west of the Indian 

 village of San Ildefonso. It is included here because of its relation to 

 the ruins on the plateau, which rise in huge escarpments of conglom- 

 erate a half mile to the west. 



This is the site occupied by certain clans of the Powhoge (San Ilde- 

 fonso) Indians prior to removal to their present location, which 



/SO F^rr 



Fig. 4.— Ground plan of Pinini- 

 cangwi. 



oSee Hewett In American Anthropologist, v. viii, no. 1, p. 193, 1906. 



