32 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHT^OLOGY [bull. 32 



in height (4 feet 4 inches). A slab lying on the ground near by, and 

 with one end broken off, is 1.58 m. (5 feet 3 inches) long. Both stones 

 show marks of having been rudely dressed with stone implements, 

 but there are no traces of ornamental carvings. A number of smaller 

 slabs and blocks also lie scattered about. 



"There is no pueblo ruin, at least to my knowledge, in the imme- 

 diate vicinity of the Potrero de los Idolos, and I was repeatedly told 

 that the Potrero Largo had no traces of antiquities on its summit. But 

 the ancient Queres pueblo of Kua-pa lies a little over one mile to the 

 southwest, in the valley or canada, and my Indian informants asserted 

 that the inhabitants of Kua-pa had made the sculptures." 



N^o. 26. Kuapa. — "The ruins of Kua-pa lie about a mile and a half 

 lower down the valley than the present Mexican settlement, midway 

 between the Potrero Vie jo and the Potrero de los Idolos. They 

 occupy a low bluff between the stream on the north and a dry gulch 

 on the south, and are very much decayed, many of the mounds being 

 barely distinguishable. I am positive of the existence of five circular 

 estufas, but there may be at least two more, 



"The ruins of Kua-pa look much more ancient than any of those 

 on the potreros; but this is due to the material of w^hich they were 

 built. In place of blocks of tufa, loose rubble and adobe formed the 

 bulk of its walls. Adobe disintegrates rapidly, and rubble forms 

 heaps of disorderly rubbish." . . . 



No. 27. Kotyiti. — "The Potrero Viejo is a natural fortress, almost 

 as difficult to storm as the well known cliff of Acoma. In case of 

 necessity, a small tribe could dwell on its top for years without ever 

 being obliged to descend into the valley beneath ; for it is wooded and 

 has a limited area of tillable soil, and natural tanks. Only from the 

 rear or southwest is the ascent over a gradual slope; from the front 

 and the north the trails climb over rocks and rocky debris in full view 

 of the parapets, natural and artificial, that line the brink of the mesa. 



"Two classes of ruins occupy the summit, one of which is the com- 

 paratively recent pueblo. It is two stories high in some places, very 

 well preserved, ajid built of fairly regular parallelopipeds of tufa. The 

 woodwork in it was eventually destroyed by fire, and much charred 

 corn is found in the ruins. The average size of 1 18 rooms on the ground 

 floor, which are all in the pueblo with the exception of about ten, is 

 5.0 by 2.8 m. (16 feet 5 inches by 9 feet 2 inches). This is a large area 

 in comparison with the size of older ruins. I noticed but one estufa, 

 and the potter}^ bears a recent character. 



"There are also traces of older ruins, which mark the existence of 

 small houses. . . . 



"The oldest ruins on the mesa, which hardly attract any attention, 

 are those of a prehistoric Queres pueblo ; the strikingly well preserved 

 ones are those of a village built after the year 1683, and abandoned in 

 April, 1694." 



