44: BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 32 



the opposite direction I observed a similar ruin on an outlyinsi; hill 

 adjacent to the southern portion of the southern hog-back. This one 

 is of larger size than any of the others. 



"In other localities ruined stone buildings occupy the flat summits 

 of mesa hills of the bad-lands, often in very elevated and well-defended 

 positions. It was a common observation that the erosion of the faces 

 of these bluffs had undermined the foundations of the houses, so that 

 their wall-stones, with the posts, were mingled with the pottery on the 

 talus below. At one point foundation-walls stand on an isthmus, con- 

 necting a butte with the mesa, of which a width of 20 feet remains, but 

 which is furrowed with water channels. Here Eocene fossils and pot- 

 tery, including a narrow-necked jug, were confusedl}" mixed together. 

 At another point the narrow summit of a butte, of nearly 200 feet ele- 

 vation, is covered with remnants of stone buildings which extend for a 

 length of 200 yards. The greater part of them had been undermined, 

 and the stones were lying in c^uantities on the talus at the time of my 

 visit. At one end of the line the bases of two rectangular walls, per- 

 haps of towers, appeared to have been placed as supports to the ter- 

 race. Very dry cedar posts occur among the ruins, and three such, 

 standing upright on the summit of the butte, mark a spot as yet 

 unaffected by the disintegration of the cliff. . . . At a remote 

 portion of the ruins, on a remaining ledge, I found a square inclosure 

 formed of stones set on edge, three stones forming each half of the 

 inclosure. . . . The number of buildings in a square mile of that 

 region is equal to if not greater than the number now existing in the 

 more densely populated rural districts of Pennsylvania and New 

 Jersey. ... In general, I may say that the number of ruins I 

 found was in direct proportion to the attention I gave the matter; 

 where I looked for them I invariably found them in suitable 

 situations. 



"Perhaps the most remarkable fact in connection with these ruins 

 is the remoteness of a large proportion of them from water. They 

 occur everywhere in the bad-lands to a distance of twenty-five miles 

 from an}^ terrestrial source of supph^." 



III. Ruins of the Jemez Valley'* 



In the lower Jemez valley there are three inhabited pueblos, Jemez, 

 Sia, and Santa Ana, and there are perhaps as many as twenty or thirty 

 deserted sites, situated mostly in the upper valleys, some of which 

 must have been villages of considerable importance. All are of the 

 usual puelilo type, differing somewhat from the more northern vil- 

 lages of like situation, but typical of the middle region, to which they 

 belong. 



" From Notes on the Antiquities of Jcniez Valley, New Mexico, by AV. 11. Holmes. American An- 

 thropologist, V. I, ii«. 2, April-June, 190.5. 



