HEWETT] ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEMEZ PLATEAU 45 



The early days of Spanish occupancy of the Jemez country, 1540 

 to 1700, witnessed many stirring events of conquest, revolt, and recon- 

 quest, cA\d numerous interesting details culled from the Spanish chron- 

 icles are given by Bandelier in his Final Report. The Jemez pueblos 

 were first visited by the Spaniards under Francisco de Barrionuevo 

 in 1541. Ohate, in 1598, saw eight villages, and others were men- 

 tioned to him. Bandelier says that at the time of his visits in 1880-1885 

 the Jemez gave him the names of seventeen of the old pueblos.' He 

 believes that the munerous small villages were gradually consolidated 

 into two, and finallv into one- 



the present pueblo. « 4#\#^*''*^^^^'''^^^^^'''%/^^ 



No. 40.— About half a mile ,„m\\\\W u>>«"**'""^.."'/„„ ^ 



below the village of Jemez are # ^v*"^,-- V 'w*www""'S(iiC ' \ ^ 



two anciently mliabited sites l'.^"^ I"5 '^ 



that show no distinctlv marked f%^m''l^ ^»""i'^'"| J"% 



architectural remains, but the ^'WMm • '■ ' = I ' i ■ ■• " ^"::| 



ground is strewn with various ^/ii|^...|%*- ^'i'„K 



minor relics. No specimen was %"'■% 



found that suggested Spanish |:;..fiiuiv«»iiimuiiin;;nnMii..miiui,,iiij,,/,,|j^^ 



influence, and all varieties could |''/^siuiiiiiiiimiiiniiiiiA>"imii%,iiii;»«i'it:r^^ 



be duplicated from the more f- hi '""' ^,u„ %--§ 



northern sites where Spanish ^""irt^^ ^J iji ^'"**' 



influence was never felt. All I f-| 



other sites visited in the valley 1 |^ -.-I 



exhil)it in different degrees traces fii:fT''^'T'!fT.^t 



of modern pueblo influ ence if not ''lummim//. "^^ii.u^i"^'""""'''""'"""*'^ 



of the presence of the Spaniard. ^/////in 



. . . One of the sites is on '''m\\\^ 



the low east bank of the creek ^'^" 26.— Ground plan of ruined pueblo three miles 

 , west of Jemez. 



near the water s edge, and the 



other on the western side nearly opposite. Similar traces marking 

 other ancient sites are found in various parts of the valley, and 

 probal)ly represent the exclusively prehistoric occupancy. 



Ao. J^l. — On a partially isolated bit of mesa about three miles west 

 of Jemez is a considerable ruin, which does not bear evidence, how- 

 ever, of long continued occupancy. The summit of the mesa is with- 

 out trees and almost without soil, and ^^n^ter must have been obtained 

 from far below. The walls of the ruin are well defined, and stand in 

 places five or six feet in height ; but they ^re formed of rough, loosely 

 laid stones, and are extremely thin and unstable. They could not 

 have been high at any time, as there is a marked absence of debris, and 

 the dearth of pottery and kitchen refuse would seem to stamp the 

 place as a temporary or emergency abode. The site is favorable for 



a A. F. Bandelier, in Papers of the Archseological Institute of America, Amer. series, IV, Final Report 

 part n, p. 208, Cambridge, Mass., 1892. 



