48" BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 32 



Biindelier says that this pueblo ''formed several hollow quadrangles 

 at least two stories high. It contained about eight hundred inhabi- 

 tants. The church is a solid edifice, the walls of which are erect to 

 the height of ten or fifteen feet, and in places nearly eight feet thick. 

 It is not as large as the one at Pecos, and behind it, connected with 

 the choir by a passage, rises an octagonal tower, manifestly erected 

 for safety and defense. Notliing is left of the so-called 'convent' but 

 foundations. The eastern houses of the pueblo nearly touch the 

 western walls of the church, and from this structure the village and a 

 portion of the valley could be overlooked, and the sides of the mesas 

 easily scanned. Ginsewa [Giusewa] is an historical pueblo. It first 

 appears under the name of Guimzique in 1626. It seems that it was 

 abandoned in 1622, on account of the persistent hostility of the Nava- 

 jos, who had succeeded in scattering the Jemez tribes. In 1627 Fray 



Martin de Arvide obtained permission 



,„ .-"v from his superior, the custodian Fray 



;A„ 'fl^ Alonzo de Benavides, to attempt to gather 



Cr-^Xz::j:.-:.:'-''k^'4:l / the tribe again in its old home. The 



=^ '""":' '' III efforts of the monk were successful, and 



%,i,^S'''''"'"'''''"'''''\- i^^^ the Jemez Indians settled in two of their 



/ \ 1* A I |:. former pueblos — at Ginsewa and at 



\ / \, I if~~"" Amoxiumqua."" 



"■ "c © ,18) No. 46- Amoxiumqua. — On the high 



11 i} mesa overlooking Jemez Hot Springs on 



r-:| ■: • -:'■: .: ./- \ ■■-■■■ -[■'; 1^ the west are the remams ot another large 

 ' ®| l# I; I W) '^i^f^ ancient pueblo, which is reached by 



If i--fe'0-^iB a tedious and very precipitous trail. The 



^i;tl I'dlJ' v; ruin, a sketch plan of which is given 



Mr,?'?- %vjv-i*:,i,;,;,? ii^ figure 29, stands in an open space 



V in the forest, about a quarter of a mile 



Fig. 2ii.-Ground plan of Amoxi- f^om the brink of the canyon, and from 



its walls a glimpse can be had of the lower 

 valley of Jemez creek. It is larger than any of the ruins in the valley 

 below, and ap])ears to represent two periods of occupancy, an ancient 

 or pre-Spanish one, and a more modern one, probably of the Spanish 

 period, the later village having been built upon the ruins of the earlier. 

 Bandelier states^ that Amoxiumqua was abandoned previous to 1680. 

 In the accompanying sketch plan (fig. 29) the old town, which is a 

 mere heap of debris and quite limited in extent, is indicated by a stip- 

 pled or dotted surface. The newer construction consists of a series of 

 connected ridges, two or three room^in width, and from a few feet to 

 eight or ten feet in height. Some of the room interiors are exposed 

 and still retain the coatings of plaster, and the ceilings are of logs with 



a Final Report, pp. 204-205. 6 Ibid.-, p. 208. 



