52 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 32 



MINOR REMAINS OF ANTIQUITY 



From the foreo;oing account it is seen that the archeological remains 

 of the Jemez plateau are very numerous and of great interest and 

 scientific vahie. The village-sites of the ancient inhahitants, with all 

 the accessories of sedentary village life, such as kivas, shrines, burial 

 places, fields, irrigation works, lookouts, stairways, and trails, with the 

 vast number of scattered and isolated cliff-dwellings and small 

 pueblos, not forming aggregations that could be called villages, pre- 

 serve a complete picture of the ancient life of the Southwest. Buried 

 under the debris of buildings and in the graves of the dead are various 

 artifacts of stone, bone, wood, fiber, and clay (pi. xii, xiii), displaying 

 the simple industries and domestic life of the inhabitants. These, 

 together with ceremonial objects, as pipes, fetiches, medicine stones, 

 etc. (pi. XVI), with the symbolic ornamentation of domestic and 

 mortuary pottery (pi. xiv, xv), yield important data relative to the 

 social and religious life of the time. A few illustrations of these 

 various artifacts are included herewith. 



: The pottery of the region consists mainly of food bowls, preserved to 

 us through the symbolic act of placing food with the dead. But little 

 is found in the houses. 



The pottery found consists of the following varieties : 



A. Coiled and indented ware, plate xiv, a. 



B. Smooth undecorated ware, plate xiv, c. 



C. Incised ware, plate xiv, d. 



D. Polished decorated ware, plate xiv, e. 



E. Polished decorated ware, red with glazed ornament, plate x:iv, h. 

 Of class A little is found, and this is mostly in fragmentary condi- 

 tion. The pottery of this class was used principally for cooking ves- 

 sels, some of which were very large. Of class B but little is found. 

 Class C is still more rare. Seventy-five per cent of all the pottery is of 

 classes D and E. This, as before mentioned, consists principally of 

 food bowls, varying from four to sixteen inches in diameter and in 

 practically all ca§es having both interior and exterior decorations. A 

 few small ollas are found. The clay used was not of first-rate quality. 

 It contained a considerable amount of fine sand and the product was of 

 a rather porous character and quite thick and heav3\ Many excep- 

 tions to this condition are found, however, in which a much finer cL.y 

 had been obtained and prepared with great care, making an excellent 

 paste and permitting the construction of fine thin ware. It is notice- 

 able that all pottery of class D is of superior make. 



The aboriginal potters had considerable knowledge of colors and 

 handled them with good effect in decoration. Yellow and gray 

 ware was always decorated with black lines (pi. xv). Red ware was 

 almost invariu,blv decorated with black and red lines and with a salt 



