hough J ANTIQUITIES OF GILA-SALT VALLEYS 15 



rock shelters cliff -dwellings were built ; caves were sometimes masked 

 by house rows, while in other instances they formed temporary abodes 

 like the rock shelters. 



The pueblos of the hot country at the base of abrupt slopes, as on 

 the Gila and on the lower reaches of its tributaries, were of Bancle- 

 lier's " dispersive " type, consisting of a collection of houses and 

 plazas outlined with walls, while those of the elevated country, as 

 on the upper San Francisco and Blue, where the temperature is 

 lower, were compact, showing- a unified mass of polygonal outline, 

 containing small courts, but having besides, exterior to the village, a 

 more or less ample level space in which burials are found and which 

 perhaps was also designed for public ceremonies. 



As an effect of climate also, the houses contain on the average 

 larger rooms than those which are noticed in villages on the plateau 

 north of the Salt river. The rooms in none of these pueblos are so 

 ample, however, as those in the present town of Zuhi or in the Ilopi 

 town of Sichomovi. Such ground plans as have been exposed by 

 excavation show that the fire box — a rectangular space lined with 

 slabs of stone — is set in the center of the floor of the" room or near 

 one end. not in a corner. Openings between communicating apart- 

 ments are very small and low. Banquettes are often constructed 

 around the sides of the rooms; floors are sometimes laid with flat 

 stones and the walls neatly plastered with mud. 



The smaller pueblos are generally divided into rooms of equal 

 size, while, as an outcome of the differentiation of interests among 

 greater bodies of men in larger pueblos, some rooms are quite large and 

 others are small or of medium size. Most of the* rooms of a pueblo 

 were for sleeping and storage purposes, but usually the large chambers 

 were living rooms, which at times were used for meetings of frater- 

 nities, or perhaps set aside altogether for such meetings. A number 

 of rooms were employed for milling and baking. 



In masonry or other details of construction the stone pueblos 

 offer nothing striking or different from the customary style. • Some 

 rooms are laid up with thin slabs of white stone, obviously an evi- 

 dence of taste in the builder, and these rooms also were not plastered. 

 In one instance on the Tularosa the edges of many of the slabs were 

 decorated with grooves and incised lines forming ornamental pat- 

 terns. Examples of decorative treatment of walls by alternating con- 

 trasting bands of stonework similar to the construction of pueblos 

 in Mancos canyon are found here. 



The pueblos of earth construction, which in this region are confined 

 to the Gila and the lower courses of some of its tributaries, show at 

 present, in their extremely degraded state, walls of rammed earth 

 provided with cores of smooth river bowlders. These walls held at 



