18 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 35 



On the upper Blue river are found large rectangular kivas sunk 

 in a graded terrace or in level ground. The sides are walled up and 

 the entrance is by a paved incline on the east side. Flanking the 

 entrance are single rooms (see plan, p. 54) , which appear to be keepers' 

 lodges. These kivas are detached and appear to have been common 

 ceremonial chambers for a group of pueblos. A ruin near Linden, 

 Ariz., has a circular kiva of this type, while the immense ruin at 

 Forestdale, south of Linden, has a deeply sunken kiva 25 feet square." 



At Eastcamp (see p. 77) detached kiva sites consist of an L with 

 the circular kiva chamber in the angle. This form is also found at 

 the Spur ranch (p. 67). 



In some of the ruins on the Blue river there are situated in the 

 plazas constructions resembling wells. They are 3 feet in diam- 

 eter and 8 or more feet deep, lined with laid-up stone. Their purpose 

 is not known. 



A discovery made by the writer in the country surrounding Luna, 

 N. Mex., bears on the subject of the circular concavities associated 

 Avith ruins. Two sites were examined, of which the sole remains 

 were large shallow pits containing much of the house debris with 

 which the location was covered. In excavating the plaza of a rec- 

 tangular stone-built pueblo ne # ar the Spur ranch these deep circular 

 constructions were encountered. They have a diameter of about 15 

 feet, vertical sides, a square fire box in the center of the floor, and 

 around the sides and across one diameter are traces of wooden posts. 

 The debris contained many bones of animals, flint chips, roofing clay, 

 and other refuse. At one side a flexed burial unaccompanied with 

 mortuary objects was unearthed. The site was evidently occupied 

 at one time by circular semisubterranean houses; subsequently, rec- 

 tangular stone houses, like those of the site previously mentioned, 

 were erected on the border of a shallow excavated basin 50 feet in 

 diameter, forming a pueblo of the type common in this section. 

 Another pit ruin of great extent was observed in the environs of Luna. 

 The surface of the site is smooth, giving no indication of the dwell- 

 ings beneath. A burial was uncovered here during the cutting of a 

 ditch, and subsequent examination by the writer determined the 

 presence of pit-dwellings. The surface soil of the site contains 

 innumerable small fragments of coarse brown undecorated pottery; 

 rarely fragments of a peculiar creamy white ware with red-brown 

 linear decoration and almost no chips or masses of stone. 



In various locations are comparatively recent traces of Apache 

 Indian lodge sites. These consist of rings of stones inclosing shal- 

 low depressions. 



"Report of United Mutts National Museum, p. 290 and pi. in, 1901. 



